The export of Germany's "secret of success" dual technical VET: MNCs and multiscalar stakeholders changing the skill formation system in Mexico

Funding text 1: There are particular mechanisms institutionalised by the MMFD. The MMFD is mainly financed by the Mexican Government; the state provides the schools for the classroom parts of the dual VET and funds a scholarship of 2000 Mexican pesos (about $100) for each apprentice per month. There is no apprenticeship pay by the companies involved, as is the case in Germany. The MMFD curricula and certification standards are developed by Mexican companies, MNC subsidiaries from Germany and other countries and the Mexican authority of technical training (CONOCER). They are inspired by the German dual VET training regulations but based on Mexican certificates and study courses. The objective of the MMFD is to provide the apprentices with the standard Mexican vocational school certificate, which the non-MMFD students of the respective vocational schools also receive, but there is an additional second certificate proving the technical competencies of the apprentice. To the graduate, possession of two certificates promises a good position on the labour market (SEP, 2017). CAMEXA, COPARMEX and CONOCER take part in the coordination of such certificates and related programmes.; Funding text 2: The authors thank the anonymous reviewers for their valuable comments and suggestions. We gratefully acknowledge financial support for this study as part of the research project \u201CGlobal strategies and local forms of technical vocational education and training in German multinational companies: A regional comparison in Emerging Economies\u201D by the German Scientific Foundation (Grant No. FU 424/16-1). We thank our project partners from economics and business education, Matthias Pilz and Kristina Wiemann, and especially the numerous practitioners who have discussed their insights with us. We also thankfully acknowledge Kira Gee for linguistic editing and Daniel Rodr\u00EDguez for cartography support.