Athlete development, athlete rights and athlete welfare: A european union perspective

Aquilina, D., and I. Henry. “Elite Athletes and University Education in Europe: A Review of Policy and Practice in Higher Education in the European Union Member States.” International Journal of Sport Policy and Politics 2, no. 1 (2010): 25–47. Athletes to Business – A2B. Guidelines Promoting Dual Career in the EU. Brussels: European Olympic Committee EU Office, 2011. Brewer, B., J. Van Raalte, and A. Petitpas. “Self-Identity Issues in Sport Career Transitions.” In Career Transitions in Sport: International Perspectives, edited by D. Lavallee, and P. Wylleman, 29–43. Morgantown, WV: Fitness Information Technology. Dacyshyn, A. “When the Balance is Gone: The Sport and Retirement Experiences of Elite Female Gymnasts.” In Inside Sports, edited by J. Coakley, and P. Donnelly, 214–22. London: Routledge. De Knop, P., P. Wylleman, J. Van Hoecke, K. De Martalaer, and L. Bollaert. “A European approach to the management of the combination of academics and elite-level sport.” In Perspectives: The Interdisciplinary Series of Physical Education and Sport Science. Vol. 1, School Sports and Competition, edited by S. Bailey, 49–62. Oxford: Meyer & Meyer Sport, 1999. European Commission. White Paper on Sport. Brussles: Directorate General for Education and Culture, 2007. European Commission. The Lisbon Treaty and EU Sports Policy. Brussels: Directorate General for Internal Policies – Policy Department B (Structural and Cohesion Policies), 2010. European Commission. EU Guidelines on Dual Careers of Athletes: Recommended Policy Actions in Support of Dual Careers in High-Performance Sport. (Approved by the EU Expert Group “Education & Training in Sport” at its meeting in Poznań on 28 September 2012, forwarded for approval by the Council of Ministers and published, ENGSO web site). Brussels: Sport Unit, European Commission. European Parliament. Combining Sport and Education: Support for Athletes in the EU Member States. Luxembourg: European Parliament, 2003. Henry, I. “Elite Athletes and Higher Education: Lifestyle, “Balance” and the Management of Sporting and Educational Performance.” http://doc.rero.ch/lm.php?url¼1000,42,38, 20110314150728-YK/2010_-_Henry.pdf, 2011. INEUM Consulting and TAJ. Study on the Training of Young Sportsmen and Sportswomen in Europe. Brussels: European Commission, 2007. Lavallee, D. “The Effect of a Life Development Intervention on Sports Career Transition Adjustment.” The Sport Psychologist 19 (2005): 193–202. Lavallee, D., and H. Robinson. “In Pursuit of an Identity: A Qualitative Exploration of Retirement From Women’s Artistic Gymnastics.” Psychology of Sport and Exercise 8 (2007): 119–41. Miller, R. Researching Life Stories and Family Histories. London: Sage, 1999. Nier, O. “The Development of Academies for Young Professional Rugby Players in France.” In The Education of Elite Young Sportspersons in Europe, edited by M. Amara, D. Aquilina, I. Henry, and P. MP Consultants. London: PMP Consultants, 2004. North, J., and D. Lavallee. “An Investigation of Potential Users of Career Transition Services in the United Kingdom.” Psychology of Sport and Exercise 5 (2004): 77–84. Price, N., N. Morrison, and S. Arnold. “Life Out of the Limelight: Understanding the Non-Sporting Pursuits of Elite Athletes.” The International Journal of Sport and Society 1, no. 3 (2010): 69–79. Skills Active. “Advanced Apprenticeship in Sporting Excellence (AASE).” Retrieved on January 30, 2011, from http://www.skillsactive.com/training/apprenticeships/aase, 2010. Stambulova, N. “Athlete’s Crises: A Developmental Perspective.” International Journal of Sport Psychology 31 (2000): 584–601. Stambulova, N., Y. Stephan, and U. Japhag. “Athletic Retirement: A Cross-National Comparison of Elite French and Swedish Athletes.” Psychology of Sport and Exercise 8 (2007): 101–18. UK Sport. Performance Lifestyle. Retrieved on November 20, 2012, from http://www.uksport.gov. uk/pages/performance-lifestyle/, 2012. Wylleman, P., D. Alfermann, and D. Lavallee. “Career Transitions in Sport: European Perspectives.” Psychology of Sport and Exercise 5 (2004): 7–20. Wylleman, P., and D. Lavallee. “A Developmental Perspective on Transitions Faced by Athletes.” In Developmental Sport and Exercise Psychology: A lifespan Perspective, edited by M. Weiss, 503–23. Morgantown, WV: Fitness Information Technology, 2004. Yannick, S., J. Bilard, G. Ninot, and D. Delignieres. “Repurcussions of Transition Out of Elite Sport on Subjective Well-Being: A One-Year Study.” Journal of Applied Sport Psychology 15 (2003): 354–71."

Aquilina, D., and I. Henry. “Elite Athletes and University Education in Europe: A Review of Policy and Practice in Higher Education in the European Union Member States.” International Journal of Sport Policy and Politics 2, no. 1 (2010): 25–47. Athletes to Business – A2B. Guidelines Promoting Dual Career in the EU. Brussels: European Olympic Committee EU Office, 2011. Brewer, B., J. Van Raalte, and A. Petitpas. “Self-Identity Issues in Sport Career Transitions.” In Career Transitions in Sport: International Perspectives, edited by D. Lavallee, and P. Wylleman, 29–43. Morgantown, WV: Fitness Information Technology. Dacyshyn, A. “When the Balance is Gone: The Sport and Retirement Experiences of Elite Female Gymnasts.” In Inside Sports, edited by J. Coakley, and P. Donnelly, 214–22. London: Routledge. De Knop, P., P. Wylleman, J. Van Hoecke, K. De Martalaer, and L. Bollaert. “A European approach to the management of the combination of academics and elite-level sport.” In Perspectives: The Interdisciplinary Series of Physical Education and Sport Science. Vol. 1, School Sports and Competition, edited by S. Bailey, 49–62. Oxford: Meyer & Meyer Sport, 1999. European Commission. White Paper on Sport. Brussles: Directorate General for Education and Culture, 2007. European Commission. The Lisbon Treaty and EU Sports Policy. Brussels: Directorate General for Internal Policies – Policy Department B (Structural and Cohesion Policies), 2010. European Commission. EU Guidelines on Dual Careers of Athletes: Recommended Policy Actions in Support of Dual Careers in High-Performance Sport. (Approved by the EU Expert Group “Education & Training in Sport” at its meeting in Poznań on 28 September 2012, forwarded for approval by the Council of Ministers and published, ENGSO web site). Brussels: Sport Unit, European Commission. European Parliament. Combining Sport and Education: Support for Athletes in the EU Member States. Luxembourg: European Parliament, 2003. Henry, I. “Elite Athletes and Higher Education: Lifestyle, “Balance” and the Management of Sporting and Educational Performance.” http://doc.rero.ch/lm.php?url¼1000,42,38, 20110314150728-YK/2010_-_Henry.pdf, 2011. INEUM Consulting and TAJ. Study on the Training of Young Sportsmen and Sportswomen in Europe. Brussels: European Commission, 2007. Lavallee, D. “The Effect of a Life Development Intervention on Sports Career Transition Adjustment.” The Sport Psychologist 19 (2005): 193–202. Lavallee, D., and H. Robinson. “In Pursuit of an Identity: A Qualitative Exploration of Retirement From Women’s Artistic Gymnastics.” Psychology of Sport and Exercise 8 (2007): 119–41. Miller, R. Researching Life Stories and Family Histories. London: Sage, 1999. Nier, O. “The Development of Academies for Young Professional Rugby Players in France.” In The Education of Elite Young Sportspersons in Europe, edited by M. Amara, D. Aquilina, I. Henry, and P. MP Consultants. London: PMP Consultants, 2004. North, J., and D. Lavallee. “An Investigation of Potential Users of Career Transition Services in the United Kingdom.” Psychology of Sport and Exercise 5 (2004): 77–84. Price, N., N. Morrison, and S. Arnold. “Life Out of the Limelight: Understanding the Non-Sporting Pursuits of Elite Athletes.” The International Journal of Sport and Society 1, no. 3 (2010): 69–79. Skills Active. “Advanced Apprenticeship in Sporting Excellence (AASE).” Retrieved on January 30, 2011, from http://www.skillsactive.com/training/apprenticeships/aase, 2010. Stambulova, N. “Athlete’s Crises: A Developmental Perspective.” International Journal of Sport Psychology 31 (2000): 584–601. Stambulova, N., Y. Stephan, and U. Japhag. “Athletic Retirement: A Cross-National Comparison of Elite French and Swedish Athletes.” Psychology of Sport and Exercise 8 (2007): 101–18. UK Sport. Performance Lifestyle. Retrieved on November 20, 2012, from http://www.uksport.gov. uk/pages/performance-lifestyle/, 2012. Wylleman, P., D. Alfermann, and D. Lavallee. “Career Transitions in Sport: European Perspectives.” Psychology of Sport and Exercise 5 (2004): 7–20. Wylleman, P., and D. Lavallee. “A Developmental Perspective on Transitions Faced by Athletes.” In Developmental Sport and Exercise Psychology: A lifespan Perspective, edited by M. Weiss, 503–23. Morgantown, WV: Fitness Information Technology, 2004. Yannick, S., J. Bilard, G. Ninot, and D. Delignieres. “Repurcussions of Transition Out of Elite Sport on Subjective Well-Being: A One-Year Study.” Journal of Applied Sport Psychology 15 (2003): 354–71."

Aquilina, D., and I. Henry. “Elite Athletes and University Education in Europe: A Review of Policy and Practice in Higher Education in the European Union Member States.” International Journal of Sport Policy and Politics 2, no. 1 (2010): 25–47. Athletes to Business – A2B. Guidelines Promoting Dual Career in the EU. Brussels: European Olympic Committee EU Office, 2011. Brewer, B., J. Van Raalte, and A. Petitpas. “Self-Identity Issues in Sport Career Transitions.” In Career Transitions in Sport: International Perspectives, edited by D. Lavallee, and P. Wylleman, 29–43. Morgantown, WV: Fitness Information Technology. Dacyshyn, A. “When the Balance is Gone: The Sport and Retirement Experiences of Elite Female Gymnasts.” In Inside Sports, edited by J. Coakley, and P. Donnelly, 214–22. London: Routledge. De Knop, P., P. Wylleman, J. Van Hoecke, K. De Martalaer, and L. Bollaert. “A European approach to the management of the combination of academics and elite-level sport.” In Perspectives: The Interdisciplinary Series of Physical Education and Sport Science. Vol. 1, School Sports and Competition, edited by S. Bailey, 49–62. Oxford: Meyer & Meyer Sport, 1999. European Commission. White Paper on Sport. Brussles: Directorate General for Education and Culture, 2007. European Commission. The Lisbon Treaty and EU Sports Policy. Brussels: Directorate General for Internal Policies – Policy Department B (Structural and Cohesion Policies), 2010. European Commission. EU Guidelines on Dual Careers of Athletes: Recommended Policy Actions in Support of Dual Careers in High-Performance Sport. (Approved by the EU Expert Group “Education & Training in Sport” at its meeting in Poznań on 28 September 2012, forwarded for approval by the Council of Ministers and published, ENGSO web site). Brussels: Sport Unit, European Commission. European Parliament. Combining Sport and Education: Support for Athletes in the EU Member States. Luxembourg: European Parliament, 2003. Henry, I. “Elite Athletes and Higher Education: Lifestyle, “Balance” and the Management of Sporting and Educational Performance.” http://doc.rero.ch/lm.php?url¼1000,42,38, 20110314150728-YK/2010_-_Henry.pdf, 2011. INEUM Consulting and TAJ. Study on the Training of Young Sportsmen and Sportswomen in Europe. Brussels: European Commission, 2007. Lavallee, D. “The Effect of a Life Development Intervention on Sports Career Transition Adjustment.” The Sport Psychologist 19 (2005): 193–202. Lavallee, D., and H. Robinson. “In Pursuit of an Identity: A Qualitative Exploration of Retirement From Women’s Artistic Gymnastics.” Psychology of Sport and Exercise 8 (2007): 119–41. Miller, R. Researching Life Stories and Family Histories. London: Sage, 1999. Nier, O. “The Development of Academies for Young Professional Rugby Players in France.” In The Education of Elite Young Sportspersons in Europe, edited by M. Amara, D. Aquilina, I. Henry, and P. MP Consultants. London: PMP Consultants, 2004. North, J., and D. Lavallee. “An Investigation of Potential Users of Career Transition Services in the United Kingdom.” Psychology of Sport and Exercise 5 (2004): 77–84. Price, N., N. Morrison, and S. Arnold. “Life Out of the Limelight: Understanding the Non-Sporting Pursuits of Elite Athletes.” The International Journal of Sport and Society 1, no. 3 (2010): 69–79. Skills Active. “Advanced Apprenticeship in Sporting Excellence (AASE).” Retrieved on January 30, 2011, from http://www.skillsactive.com/training/apprenticeships/aase, 2010. Stambulova, N. “Athlete’s Crises: A Developmental Perspective.” International Journal of Sport Psychology 31 (2000): 584–601. Stambulova, N., Y. Stephan, and U. Japhag. “Athletic Retirement: A Cross-National Comparison of Elite French and Swedish Athletes.” Psychology of Sport and Exercise 8 (2007): 101–18. UK Sport. Performance Lifestyle. Retrieved on November 20, 2012, from http://www.uksport.gov. uk/pages/performance-lifestyle/, 2012. Wylleman, P., D. Alfermann, and D. Lavallee. “Career Transitions in Sport: European Perspectives.” Psychology of Sport and Exercise 5 (2004): 7–20. Wylleman, P., and D. Lavallee. “A Developmental Perspective on Transitions Faced by Athletes.” In Developmental Sport and Exercise Psychology: A lifespan Perspective, edited by M. Weiss, 503–23. Morgantown, WV: Fitness Information Technology, 2004. Yannick, S., J. Bilard, G. Ninot, and D. Delignieres. “Repurcussions of Transition Out of Elite Sport on Subjective Well-Being: A One-Year Study.” Journal of Applied Sport Psychology 15 (2003): 354–71."

Aquilina, D., and I. Henry. “Elite Athletes and University Education in Europe: A Review of Policy and Practice in Higher Education in the European Union Member States.” International Journal of Sport Policy and Politics 2, no. 1 (2010): 25–47. Athletes to Business – A2B. Guidelines Promoting Dual Career in the EU. Brussels: European Olympic Committee EU Office, 2011. Brewer, B., J. Van Raalte, and A. Petitpas. “Self-Identity Issues in Sport Career Transitions.” In Career Transitions in Sport: International Perspectives, edited by D. Lavallee, and P. Wylleman, 29–43. Morgantown, WV: Fitness Information Technology. Dacyshyn, A. “When the Balance is Gone: The Sport and Retirement Experiences of Elite Female Gymnasts.” In Inside Sports, edited by J. Coakley, and P. Donnelly, 214–22. London: Routledge. De Knop, P., P. Wylleman, J. Van Hoecke, K. De Martalaer, and L. Bollaert. “A European approach to the management of the combination of academics and elite-level sport.” In Perspectives: The Interdisciplinary Series of Physical Education and Sport Science. Vol. 1, School Sports and Competition, edited by S. Bailey, 49–62. Oxford: Meyer & Meyer Sport, 1999. European Commission. White Paper on Sport. Brussles: Directorate General for Education and Culture, 2007. European Commission. The Lisbon Treaty and EU Sports Policy. Brussels: Directorate General for Internal Policies – Policy Department B (Structural and Cohesion Policies), 2010. European Commission. EU Guidelines on Dual Careers of Athletes: Recommended Policy Actions in Support of Dual Careers in High-Performance Sport. (Approved by the EU Expert Group “Education & Training in Sport” at its meeting in Poznań on 28 September 2012, forwarded for approval by the Council of Ministers and published, ENGSO web site). Brussels: Sport Unit, European Commission. European Parliament. Combining Sport and Education: Support for Athletes in the EU Member States. Luxembourg: European Parliament, 2003. Henry, I. “Elite Athletes and Higher Education: Lifestyle, “Balance” and the Management of Sporting and Educational Performance.” http://doc.rero.ch/lm.php?url¼1000,42,38, 20110314150728-YK/2010_-_Henry.pdf, 2011. INEUM Consulting and TAJ. Study on the Training of Young Sportsmen and Sportswomen in Europe. Brussels: European Commission, 2007. Lavallee, D. “The Effect of a Life Development Intervention on Sports Career Transition Adjustment.” The Sport Psychologist 19 (2005): 193–202. Lavallee, D., and H. Robinson. “In Pursuit of an Identity: A Qualitative Exploration of Retirement From Women’s Artistic Gymnastics.” Psychology of Sport and Exercise 8 (2007): 119–41. Miller, R. Researching Life Stories and Family Histories. London: Sage, 1999. Nier, O. “The Development of Academies for Young Professional Rugby Players in France.” In The Education of Elite Young Sportspersons in Europe, edited by M. Amara, D. Aquilina, I. Henry, and P. MP Consultants. London: PMP Consultants, 2004. North, J., and D. Lavallee. “An Investigation of Potential Users of Career Transition Services in the United Kingdom.” Psychology of Sport and Exercise 5 (2004): 77–84. Price, N., N. Morrison, and S. Arnold. “Life Out of the Limelight: Understanding the Non-Sporting Pursuits of Elite Athletes.” The International Journal of Sport and Society 1, no. 3 (2010): 69–79. Skills Active. “Advanced Apprenticeship in Sporting Excellence (AASE).” Retrieved on January 30, 2011, from http://www.skillsactive.com/training/apprenticeships/aase, 2010. Stambulova, N. “Athlete’s Crises: A Developmental Perspective.” International Journal of Sport Psychology 31 (2000): 584–601. Stambulova, N., Y. Stephan, and U. Japhag. “Athletic Retirement: A Cross-National Comparison of Elite French and Swedish Athletes.” Psychology of Sport and Exercise 8 (2007): 101–18. UK Sport. Performance Lifestyle. Retrieved on November 20, 2012, from http://www.uksport.gov. uk/pages/performance-lifestyle/, 2012. Wylleman, P., D. Alfermann, and D. Lavallee. “Career Transitions in Sport: European Perspectives.” Psychology of Sport and Exercise 5 (2004): 7–20. Wylleman, P., and D. Lavallee. “A Developmental Perspective on Transitions Faced by Athletes.” In Developmental Sport and Exercise Psychology: A lifespan Perspective, edited by M. Weiss, 503–23. Morgantown, WV: Fitness Information Technology, 2004. Yannick, S., J. Bilard, G. Ninot, and D. Delignieres. “Repurcussions of Transition Out of Elite Sport on Subjective Well-Being: A One-Year Study.” Journal of Applied Sport Psychology 15 (2003): 354–71."

Aquilina, D., and I. Henry. “Elite Athletes and University Education in Europe: A Review of Policy and Practice in Higher Education in the European Union Member States.” International Journal of Sport Policy and Politics 2, no. 1 (2010): 25–47. Athletes to Business – A2B. Guidelines Promoting Dual Career in the EU. Brussels: European Olympic Committee EU Office, 2011. Brewer, B., J. Van Raalte, and A. Petitpas. “Self-Identity Issues in Sport Career Transitions.” In Career Transitions in Sport: International Perspectives, edited by D. Lavallee, and P. Wylleman, 29–43. Morgantown, WV: Fitness Information Technology. Dacyshyn, A. “When the Balance is Gone: The Sport and Retirement Experiences of Elite Female Gymnasts.” In Inside Sports, edited by J. Coakley, and P. Donnelly, 214–22. London: Routledge. De Knop, P., P. Wylleman, J. Van Hoecke, K. De Martalaer, and L. Bollaert. “A European approach to the management of the combination of academics and elite-level sport.” In Perspectives: The Interdisciplinary Series of Physical Education and Sport Science. Vol. 1, School Sports and Competition, edited by S. Bailey, 49–62. Oxford: Meyer & Meyer Sport, 1999. European Commission. White Paper on Sport. Brussles: Directorate General for Education and Culture, 2007. European Commission. The Lisbon Treaty and EU Sports Policy. Brussels: Directorate General for Internal Policies – Policy Department B (Structural and Cohesion Policies), 2010. European Commission. EU Guidelines on Dual Careers of Athletes: Recommended Policy Actions in Support of Dual Careers in High-Performance Sport. (Approved by the EU Expert Group “Education & Training in Sport” at its meeting in Poznań on 28 September 2012, forwarded for approval by the Council of Ministers and published, ENGSO web site). Brussels: Sport Unit, European Commission. European Parliament. Combining Sport and Education: Support for Athletes in the EU Member States. Luxembourg: European Parliament, 2003. Henry, I. “Elite Athletes and Higher Education: Lifestyle, “Balance” and the Management of Sporting and Educational Performance.” http://doc.rero.ch/lm.php?url¼1000,42,38, 20110314150728-YK/2010_-_Henry.pdf, 2011. INEUM Consulting and TAJ. Study on the Training of Young Sportsmen and Sportswomen in Europe. Brussels: European Commission, 2007. Lavallee, D. “The Effect of a Life Development Intervention on Sports Career Transition Adjustment.” The Sport Psychologist 19 (2005): 193–202. Lavallee, D., and H. Robinson. “In Pursuit of an Identity: A Qualitative Exploration of Retirement From Women’s Artistic Gymnastics.” Psychology of Sport and Exercise 8 (2007): 119–41. Miller, R. Researching Life Stories and Family Histories. London: Sage, 1999. Nier, O. “The Development of Academies for Young Professional Rugby Players in France.” In The Education of Elite Young Sportspersons in Europe, edited by M. Amara, D. Aquilina, I. Henry, and P. MP Consultants. London: PMP Consultants, 2004. North, J., and D. Lavallee. “An Investigation of Potential Users of Career Transition Services in the United Kingdom.” Psychology of Sport and Exercise 5 (2004): 77–84. Price, N., N. Morrison, and S. Arnold. “Life Out of the Limelight: Understanding the Non-Sporting Pursuits of Elite Athletes.” The International Journal of Sport and Society 1, no. 3 (2010): 69–79. Skills Active. “Advanced Apprenticeship in Sporting Excellence (AASE).” Retrieved on January 30, 2011, from http://www.skillsactive.com/training/apprenticeships/aase, 2010. Stambulova, N. “Athlete’s Crises: A Developmental Perspective.” International Journal of Sport Psychology 31 (2000): 584–601. Stambulova, N., Y. Stephan, and U. Japhag. “Athletic Retirement: A Cross-National Comparison of Elite French and Swedish Athletes.” Psychology of Sport and Exercise 8 (2007): 101–18. UK Sport. Performance Lifestyle. Retrieved on November 20, 2012, from http://www.uksport.gov. uk/pages/performance-lifestyle/, 2012. Wylleman, P., D. Alfermann, and D. Lavallee. “Career Transitions in Sport: European Perspectives.” Psychology of Sport and Exercise 5 (2004): 7–20. Wylleman, P., and D. Lavallee. “A Developmental Perspective on Transitions Faced by Athletes.” In Developmental Sport and Exercise Psychology: A lifespan Perspective, edited by M. Weiss, 503–23. Morgantown, WV: Fitness Information Technology, 2004. Yannick, S., J. Bilard, G. Ninot, and D. Delignieres. “Repurcussions of Transition Out of Elite Sport on Subjective Well-Being: A One-Year Study.” Journal of Applied Sport Psychology 15 (2003): 354–71."

Aquilina, D., and I. Henry. “Elite Athletes and University Education in Europe: A Review of Policy and Practice in Higher Education in the European Union Member States.” International Journal of Sport Policy and Politics 2, no. 1 (2010): 25–47. Athletes to Business – A2B. Guidelines Promoting Dual Career in the EU. Brussels: European Olympic Committee EU Office, 2011. Brewer, B., J. Van Raalte, and A. Petitpas. “Self-Identity Issues in Sport Career Transitions.” In Career Transitions in Sport: International Perspectives, edited by D. Lavallee, and P. Wylleman, 29–43. Morgantown, WV: Fitness Information Technology. Dacyshyn, A. “When the Balance is Gone: The Sport and Retirement Experiences of Elite Female Gymnasts.” In Inside Sports, edited by J. Coakley, and P. Donnelly, 214–22. London: Routledge. De Knop, P., P. Wylleman, J. Van Hoecke, K. De Martalaer, and L. Bollaert. “A European approach to the management of the combination of academics and elite-level sport.” In Perspectives: The Interdisciplinary Series of Physical Education and Sport Science. Vol. 1, School Sports and Competition, edited by S. Bailey, 49–62. Oxford: Meyer & Meyer Sport, 1999. European Commission. White Paper on Sport. Brussles: Directorate General for Education and Culture, 2007. European Commission. The Lisbon Treaty and EU Sports Policy. Brussels: Directorate General for Internal Policies – Policy Department B (Structural and Cohesion Policies), 2010. European Commission. EU Guidelines on Dual Careers of Athletes: Recommended Policy Actions in Support of Dual Careers in High-Performance Sport. (Approved by the EU Expert Group “Education & Training in Sport” at its meeting in Poznań on 28 September 2012, forwarded for approval by the Council of Ministers and published, ENGSO web site). Brussels: Sport Unit, European Commission. European Parliament. Combining Sport and Education: Support for Athletes in the EU Member States. Luxembourg: European Parliament, 2003. Henry, I. “Elite Athletes and Higher Education: Lifestyle, “Balance” and the Management of Sporting and Educational Performance.” http://doc.rero.ch/lm.php?url¼1000,42,38, 20110314150728-YK/2010_-_Henry.pdf, 2011. INEUM Consulting and TAJ. Study on the Training of Young Sportsmen and Sportswomen in Europe. Brussels: European Commission, 2007. Lavallee, D. “The Effect of a Life Development Intervention on Sports Career Transition Adjustment.” The Sport Psychologist 19 (2005): 193–202. Lavallee, D., and H. Robinson. “In Pursuit of an Identity: A Qualitative Exploration of Retirement From Women’s Artistic Gymnastics.” Psychology of Sport and Exercise 8 (2007): 119–41. Miller, R. Researching Life Stories and Family Histories. London: Sage, 1999. Nier, O. “The Development of Academies for Young Professional Rugby Players in France.” In The Education of Elite Young Sportspersons in Europe, edited by M. Amara, D. Aquilina, I. Henry, and P. MP Consultants. London: PMP Consultants, 2004. North, J., and D. Lavallee. “An Investigation of Potential Users of Career Transition Services in the United Kingdom.” Psychology of Sport and Exercise 5 (2004): 77–84. Price, N., N. Morrison, and S. Arnold. “Life Out of the Limelight: Understanding the Non-Sporting Pursuits of Elite Athletes.” The International Journal of Sport and Society 1, no. 3 (2010): 69–79. Skills Active. “Advanced Apprenticeship in Sporting Excellence (AASE).” Retrieved on January 30, 2011, from http://www.skillsactive.com/training/apprenticeships/aase, 2010. Stambulova, N. “Athlete’s Crises: A Developmental Perspective.” International Journal of Sport Psychology 31 (2000): 584–601. Stambulova, N., Y. Stephan, and U. Japhag. “Athletic Retirement: A Cross-National Comparison of Elite French and Swedish Athletes.” Psychology of Sport and Exercise 8 (2007): 101–18. UK Sport. Performance Lifestyle. Retrieved on November 20, 2012, from http://www.uksport.gov. uk/pages/performance-lifestyle/, 2012. Wylleman, P., D. Alfermann, and D. Lavallee. “Career Transitions in Sport: European Perspectives.” Psychology of Sport and Exercise 5 (2004): 7–20. Wylleman, P., and D. Lavallee. “A Developmental Perspective on Transitions Faced by Athletes.” In Developmental Sport and Exercise Psychology: A lifespan Perspective, edited by M. Weiss, 503–23. Morgantown, WV: Fitness Information Technology, 2004. Yannick, S., J. Bilard, G. Ninot, and D. Delignieres. “Repurcussions of Transition Out of Elite Sport on Subjective Well-Being: A One-Year Study.” Journal of Applied Sport Psychology 15 (2003): 354–71."

Aquilina, D., and I. Henry. “Elite Athletes and University Education in Europe: A Review of Policy and Practice in Higher Education in the European Union Member States.” International Journal of Sport Policy and Politics 2, no. 1 (2010): 25–47. Athletes to Business – A2B. Guidelines Promoting Dual Career in the EU. Brussels: European Olympic Committee EU Office, 2011. Brewer, B., J. Van Raalte, and A. Petitpas. “Self-Identity Issues in Sport Career Transitions.” In Career Transitions in Sport: International Perspectives, edited by D. Lavallee, and P. Wylleman, 29–43. Morgantown, WV: Fitness Information Technology. Dacyshyn, A. “When the Balance is Gone: The Sport and Retirement Experiences of Elite Female Gymnasts.” In Inside Sports, edited by J. Coakley, and P. Donnelly, 214–22. London: Routledge. De Knop, P., P. Wylleman, J. Van Hoecke, K. De Martalaer, and L. Bollaert. “A European approach to the management of the combination of academics and elite-level sport.” In Perspectives: The Interdisciplinary Series of Physical Education and Sport Science. Vol. 1, School Sports and Competition, edited by S. Bailey, 49–62. Oxford: Meyer & Meyer Sport, 1999. European Commission. White Paper on Sport. Brussles: Directorate General for Education and Culture, 2007. European Commission. The Lisbon Treaty and EU Sports Policy. Brussels: Directorate General for Internal Policies – Policy Department B (Structural and Cohesion Policies), 2010. European Commission. EU Guidelines on Dual Careers of Athletes: Recommended Policy Actions in Support of Dual Careers in High-Performance Sport. (Approved by the EU Expert Group “Education & Training in Sport” at its meeting in Poznań on 28 September 2012, forwarded for approval by the Council of Ministers and published, ENGSO web site). Brussels: Sport Unit, European Commission. European Parliament. Combining Sport and Education: Support for Athletes in the EU Member States. Luxembourg: European Parliament, 2003. Henry, I. “Elite Athletes and Higher Education: Lifestyle, “Balance” and the Management of Sporting and Educational Performance.” http://doc.rero.ch/lm.php?url¼1000,42,38, 20110314150728-YK/2010_-_Henry.pdf, 2011. INEUM Consulting and TAJ. Study on the Training of Young Sportsmen and Sportswomen in Europe. Brussels: European Commission, 2007. Lavallee, D. “The Effect of a Life Development Intervention on Sports Career Transition Adjustment.” The Sport Psychologist 19 (2005): 193–202. Lavallee, D., and H. Robinson. “In Pursuit of an Identity: A Qualitative Exploration of Retirement From Women’s Artistic Gymnastics.” Psychology of Sport and Exercise 8 (2007): 119–41. Miller, R. Researching Life Stories and Family Histories. London: Sage, 1999. Nier, O. “The Development of Academies for Young Professional Rugby Players in France.” In The Education of Elite Young Sportspersons in Europe, edited by M. Amara, D. Aquilina, I. Henry, and P. MP Consultants. London: PMP Consultants, 2004. North, J., and D. Lavallee. “An Investigation of Potential Users of Career Transition Services in the United Kingdom.” Psychology of Sport and Exercise 5 (2004): 77–84. Price, N., N. Morrison, and S. Arnold. “Life Out of the Limelight: Understanding the Non-Sporting Pursuits of Elite Athletes.” The International Journal of Sport and Society 1, no. 3 (2010): 69–79. Skills Active. “Advanced Apprenticeship in Sporting Excellence (AASE).” Retrieved on January 30, 2011, from http://www.skillsactive.com/training/apprenticeships/aase, 2010. Stambulova, N. “Athlete’s Crises: A Developmental Perspective.” International Journal of Sport Psychology 31 (2000): 584–601. Stambulova, N., Y. Stephan, and U. Japhag. “Athletic Retirement: A Cross-National Comparison of Elite French and Swedish Athletes.” Psychology of Sport and Exercise 8 (2007): 101–18. UK Sport. Performance Lifestyle. Retrieved on November 20, 2012, from http://www.uksport.gov. uk/pages/performance-lifestyle/, 2012. Wylleman, P., D. Alfermann, and D. Lavallee. “Career Transitions in Sport: European Perspectives.” Psychology of Sport and Exercise 5 (2004): 7–20. Wylleman, P., and D. Lavallee. “A Developmental Perspective on Transitions Faced by Athletes.” In Developmental Sport and Exercise Psychology: A lifespan Perspective, edited by M. Weiss, 503–23. Morgantown, WV: Fitness Information Technology, 2004. Yannick, S., J. Bilard, G. Ninot, and D. Delignieres. “Repurcussions of Transition Out of Elite Sport on Subjective Well-Being: A One-Year Study.” Journal of Applied Sport Psychology 15 (2003): 354–71."

Aquilina, D., and I. Henry. “Elite Athletes and University Education in Europe: A Review of Policy and Practice in Higher Education in the European Union Member States.” International Journal of Sport Policy and Politics 2, no. 1 (2010): 25–47. Athletes to Business – A2B. Guidelines Promoting Dual Career in the EU. Brussels: European Olympic Committee EU Office, 2011. Brewer, B., J. Van Raalte, and A. Petitpas. “Self-Identity Issues in Sport Career Transitions.” In Career Transitions in Sport: International Perspectives, edited by D. Lavallee, and P. Wylleman, 29–43. Morgantown, WV: Fitness Information Technology. Dacyshyn, A. “When the Balance is Gone: The Sport and Retirement Experiences of Elite Female Gymnasts.” In Inside Sports, edited by J. Coakley, and P. Donnelly, 214–22. London: Routledge. De Knop, P., P. Wylleman, J. Van Hoecke, K. De Martalaer, and L. Bollaert. “A European approach to the management of the combination of academics and elite-level sport.” In Perspectives: The Interdisciplinary Series of Physical Education and Sport Science. Vol. 1, School Sports and Competition, edited by S. Bailey, 49–62. Oxford: Meyer & Meyer Sport, 1999. European Commission. White Paper on Sport. Brussles: Directorate General for Education and Culture, 2007. European Commission. The Lisbon Treaty and EU Sports Policy. Brussels: Directorate General for Internal Policies – Policy Department B (Structural and Cohesion Policies), 2010. European Commission. EU Guidelines on Dual Careers of Athletes: Recommended Policy Actions in Support of Dual Careers in High-Performance Sport. (Approved by the EU Expert Group “Education & Training in Sport” at its meeting in Poznań on 28 September 2012, forwarded for approval by the Council of Ministers and published, ENGSO web site). Brussels: Sport Unit, European Commission. European Parliament. Combining Sport and Education: Support for Athletes in the EU Member States. Luxembourg: European Parliament, 2003. Henry, I. “Elite Athletes and Higher Education: Lifestyle, “Balance” and the Management of Sporting and Educational Performance.” http://doc.rero.ch/lm.php?url¼1000,42,38, 20110314150728-YK/2010_-_Henry.pdf, 2011. INEUM Consulting and TAJ. Study on the Training of Young Sportsmen and Sportswomen in Europe. Brussels: European Commission, 2007. Lavallee, D. “The Effect of a Life Development Intervention on Sports Career Transition Adjustment.” The Sport Psychologist 19 (2005): 193–202. Lavallee, D., and H. Robinson. “In Pursuit of an Identity: A Qualitative Exploration of Retirement From Women’s Artistic Gymnastics.” Psychology of Sport and Exercise 8 (2007): 119–41. Miller, R. Researching Life Stories and Family Histories. London: Sage, 1999. Nier, O. “The Development of Academies for Young Professional Rugby Players in France.” In The Education of Elite Young Sportspersons in Europe, edited by M. Amara, D. Aquilina, I. Henry, and P. MP Consultants. London: PMP Consultants, 2004. North, J., and D. Lavallee. “An Investigation of Potential Users of Career Transition Services in the United Kingdom.” Psychology of Sport and Exercise 5 (2004): 77–84. Price, N., N. Morrison, and S. Arnold. “Life Out of the Limelight: Understanding the Non-Sporting Pursuits of Elite Athletes.” The International Journal of Sport and Society 1, no. 3 (2010): 69–79. Skills Active. “Advanced Apprenticeship in Sporting Excellence (AASE).” Retrieved on January 30, 2011, from http://www.skillsactive.com/training/apprenticeships/aase, 2010. Stambulova, N. “Athlete’s Crises: A Developmental Perspective.” International Journal of Sport Psychology 31 (2000): 584–601. Stambulova, N., Y. Stephan, and U. Japhag. “Athletic Retirement: A Cross-National Comparison of Elite French and Swedish Athletes.” Psychology of Sport and Exercise 8 (2007): 101–18. UK Sport. Performance Lifestyle. Retrieved on November 20, 2012, from http://www.uksport.gov. uk/pages/performance-lifestyle/, 2012. Wylleman, P., D. Alfermann, and D. Lavallee. “Career Transitions in Sport: European Perspectives.” Psychology of Sport and Exercise 5 (2004): 7–20. Wylleman, P., and D. Lavallee. “A Developmental Perspective on Transitions Faced by Athletes.” In Developmental Sport and Exercise Psychology: A lifespan Perspective, edited by M. Weiss, 503–23. Morgantown, WV: Fitness Information Technology, 2004. Yannick, S., J. Bilard, G. Ninot, and D. Delignieres. “Repurcussions of Transition Out of Elite Sport on Subjective Well-Being: A One-Year Study.” Journal of Applied Sport Psychology 15 (2003): 354–71."

Aquilina, D., and I. Henry. “Elite Athletes and University Education in Europe: A Review of Policy and Practice in Higher Education in the European Union Member States.” International Journal of Sport Policy and Politics 2, no. 1 (2010): 25–47. Athletes to Business – A2B. Guidelines Promoting Dual Career in the EU. Brussels: European Olympic Committee EU Office, 2011. Brewer, B., J. Van Raalte, and A. Petitpas. “Self-Identity Issues in Sport Career Transitions.” In Career Transitions in Sport: International Perspectives, edited by D. Lavallee, and P. Wylleman, 29–43. Morgantown, WV: Fitness Information Technology. Dacyshyn, A. “When the Balance is Gone: The Sport and Retirement Experiences of Elite Female Gymnasts.” In Inside Sports, edited by J. Coakley, and P. Donnelly, 214–22. London: Routledge. De Knop, P., P. Wylleman, J. Van Hoecke, K. De Martalaer, and L. Bollaert. “A European approach to the management of the combination of academics and elite-level sport.” In Perspectives: The Interdisciplinary Series of Physical Education and Sport Science. Vol. 1, School Sports and Competition, edited by S. Bailey, 49–62. Oxford: Meyer & Meyer Sport, 1999. European Commission. White Paper on Sport. Brussles: Directorate General for Education and Culture, 2007. European Commission. The Lisbon Treaty and EU Sports Policy. Brussels: Directorate General for Internal Policies – Policy Department B (Structural and Cohesion Policies), 2010. European Commission. EU Guidelines on Dual Careers of Athletes: Recommended Policy Actions in Support of Dual Careers in High-Performance Sport. (Approved by the EU Expert Group “Education & Training in Sport” at its meeting in Poznań on 28 September 2012, forwarded for approval by the Council of Ministers and published, ENGSO web site). Brussels: Sport Unit, European Commission. European Parliament. Combining Sport and Education: Support for Athletes in the EU Member States. Luxembourg: European Parliament, 2003. Henry, I. “Elite Athletes and Higher Education: Lifestyle, “Balance” and the Management of Sporting and Educational Performance.” http://doc.rero.ch/lm.php?url¼1000,42,38, 20110314150728-YK/2010_-_Henry.pdf, 2011. INEUM Consulting and TAJ. Study on the Training of Young Sportsmen and Sportswomen in Europe. Brussels: European Commission, 2007. Lavallee, D. “The Effect of a Life Development Intervention on Sports Career Transition Adjustment.” The Sport Psychologist 19 (2005): 193–202. Lavallee, D., and H. Robinson. “In Pursuit of an Identity: A Qualitative Exploration of Retirement From Women’s Artistic Gymnastics.” Psychology of Sport and Exercise 8 (2007): 119–41. Miller, R. Researching Life Stories and Family Histories. London: Sage, 1999. Nier, O. “The Development of Academies for Young Professional Rugby Players in France.” In The Education of Elite Young Sportspersons in Europe, edited by M. Amara, D. Aquilina, I. Henry, and P. MP Consultants. London: PMP Consultants, 2004. North, J., and D. Lavallee. “An Investigation of Potential Users of Career Transition Services in the United Kingdom.” Psychology of Sport and Exercise 5 (2004): 77–84. Price, N., N. Morrison, and S. Arnold. “Life Out of the Limelight: Understanding the Non-Sporting Pursuits of Elite Athletes.” The International Journal of Sport and Society 1, no. 3 (2010): 69–79. Skills Active. “Advanced Apprenticeship in Sporting Excellence (AASE).” Retrieved on January 30, 2011, from http://www.skillsactive.com/training/apprenticeships/aase, 2010. Stambulova, N. “Athlete’s Crises: A Developmental Perspective.” International Journal of Sport Psychology 31 (2000): 584–601. Stambulova, N., Y. Stephan, and U. Japhag. “Athletic Retirement: A Cross-National Comparison of Elite French and Swedish Athletes.” Psychology of Sport and Exercise 8 (2007): 101–18. UK Sport. Performance Lifestyle. Retrieved on November 20, 2012, from http://www.uksport.gov. uk/pages/performance-lifestyle/, 2012. Wylleman, P., D. Alfermann, and D. Lavallee. “Career Transitions in Sport: European Perspectives.” Psychology of Sport and Exercise 5 (2004): 7–20. Wylleman, P., and D. Lavallee. “A Developmental Perspective on Transitions Faced by Athletes.” In Developmental Sport and Exercise Psychology: A lifespan Perspective, edited by M. Weiss, 503–23. Morgantown, WV: Fitness Information Technology, 2004. Yannick, S., J. Bilard, G. Ninot, and D. Delignieres. “Repurcussions of Transition Out of Elite Sport on Subjective Well-Being: A One-Year Study.” Journal of Applied Sport Psychology 15 (2003): 354–71."

Aquilina, D., and I. Henry. “Elite Athletes and University Education in Europe: A Review of Policy and Practice in Higher Education in the European Union Member States.” International Journal of Sport Policy and Politics 2, no. 1 (2010): 25–47. Athletes to Business – A2B. Guidelines Promoting Dual Career in the EU. Brussels: European Olympic Committee EU Office, 2011. Brewer, B., J. Van Raalte, and A. Petitpas. “Self-Identity Issues in Sport Career Transitions.” In Career Transitions in Sport: International Perspectives, edited by D. Lavallee, and P. Wylleman, 29–43. Morgantown, WV: Fitness Information Technology. Dacyshyn, A. “When the Balance is Gone: The Sport and Retirement Experiences of Elite Female Gymnasts.” In Inside Sports, edited by J. Coakley, and P. Donnelly, 214–22. London: Routledge. De Knop, P., P. Wylleman, J. Van Hoecke, K. De Martalaer, and L. Bollaert. “A European approach to the management of the combination of academics and elite-level sport.” In Perspectives: The Interdisciplinary Series of Physical Education and Sport Science. Vol. 1, School Sports and Competition, edited by S. Bailey, 49–62. Oxford: Meyer & Meyer Sport, 1999. European Commission. White Paper on Sport. Brussles: Directorate General for Education and Culture, 2007. European Commission. The Lisbon Treaty and EU Sports Policy. Brussels: Directorate General for Internal Policies – Policy Department B (Structural and Cohesion Policies), 2010. European Commission. EU Guidelines on Dual Careers of Athletes: Recommended Policy Actions in Support of Dual Careers in High-Performance Sport. (Approved by the EU Expert Group “Education & Training in Sport” at its meeting in Poznań on 28 September 2012, forwarded for approval by the Council of Ministers and published, ENGSO web site). Brussels: Sport Unit, European Commission. European Parliament. Combining Sport and Education: Support for Athletes in the EU Member States. Luxembourg: European Parliament, 2003. Henry, I. “Elite Athletes and Higher Education: Lifestyle, “Balance” and the Management of Sporting and Educational Performance.” http://doc.rero.ch/lm.php?url¼1000,42,38, 20110314150728-YK/2010_-_Henry.pdf, 2011. INEUM Consulting and TAJ. Study on the Training of Young Sportsmen and Sportswomen in Europe. Brussels: European Commission, 2007. Lavallee, D. “The Effect of a Life Development Intervention on Sports Career Transition Adjustment.” The Sport Psychologist 19 (2005): 193–202. Lavallee, D., and H. Robinson. “In Pursuit of an Identity: A Qualitative Exploration of Retirement From Women’s Artistic Gymnastics.” Psychology of Sport and Exercise 8 (2007): 119–41. Miller, R. Researching Life Stories and Family Histories. London: Sage, 1999. Nier, O. “The Development of Academies for Young Professional Rugby Players in France.” In The Education of Elite Young Sportspersons in Europe, edited by M. Amara, D. Aquilina, I. Henry, and P. MP Consultants. London: PMP Consultants, 2004. North, J., and D. Lavallee. “An Investigation of Potential Users of Career Transition Services in the United Kingdom.” Psychology of Sport and Exercise 5 (2004): 77–84. Price, N., N. Morrison, and S. Arnold. “Life Out of the Limelight: Understanding the Non-Sporting Pursuits of Elite Athletes.” The International Journal of Sport and Society 1, no. 3 (2010): 69–79. Skills Active. “Advanced Apprenticeship in Sporting Excellence (AASE).” Retrieved on January 30, 2011, from http://www.skillsactive.com/training/apprenticeships/aase, 2010. Stambulova, N. “Athlete’s Crises: A Developmental Perspective.” International Journal of Sport Psychology 31 (2000): 584–601. Stambulova, N., Y. Stephan, and U. Japhag. “Athletic Retirement: A Cross-National Comparison of Elite French and Swedish Athletes.” Psychology of Sport and Exercise 8 (2007): 101–18. UK Sport. Performance Lifestyle. Retrieved on November 20, 2012, from http://www.uksport.gov. uk/pages/performance-lifestyle/, 2012. Wylleman, P., D. Alfermann, and D. Lavallee. “Career Transitions in Sport: European Perspectives.” Psychology of Sport and Exercise 5 (2004): 7–20. Wylleman, P., and D. Lavallee. “A Developmental Perspective on Transitions Faced by Athletes.” In Developmental Sport and Exercise Psychology: A lifespan Perspective, edited by M. Weiss, 503–23. Morgantown, WV: Fitness Information Technology, 2004. Yannick, S., J. Bilard, G. Ninot, and D. Delignieres. “Repurcussions of Transition Out of Elite Sport on Subjective Well-Being: A One-Year Study.” Journal of Applied Sport Psychology 15 (2003): 354–71."

Aquilina, D., and I. Henry. “Elite Athletes and University Education in Europe: A Review of Policy and Practice in Higher Education in the European Union Member States.” International Journal of Sport Policy and Politics 2, no. 1 (2010): 25–47. Athletes to Business – A2B. Guidelines Promoting Dual Career in the EU. Brussels: European Olympic Committee EU Office, 2011. Brewer, B., J. Van Raalte, and A. Petitpas. “Self-Identity Issues in Sport Career Transitions.” In Career Transitions in Sport: International Perspectives, edited by D. Lavallee, and P. Wylleman, 29–43. Morgantown, WV: Fitness Information Technology. Dacyshyn, A. “When the Balance is Gone: The Sport and Retirement Experiences of Elite Female Gymnasts.” In Inside Sports, edited by J. Coakley, and P. Donnelly, 214–22. London: Routledge. De Knop, P., P. Wylleman, J. Van Hoecke, K. De Martalaer, and L. Bollaert. “A European approach to the management of the combination of academics and elite-level sport.” In Perspectives: The Interdisciplinary Series of Physical Education and Sport Science. Vol. 1, School Sports and Competition, edited by S. Bailey, 49–62. Oxford: Meyer & Meyer Sport, 1999. European Commission. White Paper on Sport. Brussles: Directorate General for Education and Culture, 2007. European Commission. The Lisbon Treaty and EU Sports Policy. Brussels: Directorate General for Internal Policies – Policy Department B (Structural and Cohesion Policies), 2010. European Commission. EU Guidelines on Dual Careers of Athletes: Recommended Policy Actions in Support of Dual Careers in High-Performance Sport. (Approved by the EU Expert Group “Education & Training in Sport” at its meeting in Poznań on 28 September 2012, forwarded for approval by the Council of Ministers and published, ENGSO web site). Brussels: Sport Unit, European Commission. European Parliament. Combining Sport and Education: Support for Athletes in the EU Member States. Luxembourg: European Parliament, 2003. Henry, I. “Elite Athletes and Higher Education: Lifestyle, “Balance” and the Management of Sporting and Educational Performance.” http://doc.rero.ch/lm.php?url¼1000,42,38, 20110314150728-YK/2010_-_Henry.pdf, 2011. INEUM Consulting and TAJ. Study on the Training of Young Sportsmen and Sportswomen in Europe. Brussels: European Commission, 2007. Lavallee, D. “The Effect of a Life Development Intervention on Sports Career Transition Adjustment.” The Sport Psychologist 19 (2005): 193–202. Lavallee, D., and H. Robinson. “In Pursuit of an Identity: A Qualitative Exploration of Retirement From Women’s Artistic Gymnastics.” Psychology of Sport and Exercise 8 (2007): 119–41. Miller, R. Researching Life Stories and Family Histories. London: Sage, 1999. Nier, O. “The Development of Academies for Young Professional Rugby Players in France.” In The Education of Elite Young Sportspersons in Europe, edited by M. Amara, D. Aquilina, I. Henry, and P. MP Consultants. London: PMP Consultants, 2004. North, J., and D. Lavallee. “An Investigation of Potential Users of Career Transition Services in the United Kingdom.” Psychology of Sport and Exercise 5 (2004): 77–84. Price, N., N. Morrison, and S. Arnold. “Life Out of the Limelight: Understanding the Non-Sporting Pursuits of Elite Athletes.” The International Journal of Sport and Society 1, no. 3 (2010): 69–79. Skills Active. “Advanced Apprenticeship in Sporting Excellence (AASE).” Retrieved on January 30, 2011, from http://www.skillsactive.com/training/apprenticeships/aase, 2010. Stambulova, N. “Athlete’s Crises: A Developmental Perspective.” International Journal of Sport Psychology 31 (2000): 584–601. Stambulova, N., Y. Stephan, and U. Japhag. “Athletic Retirement: A Cross-National Comparison of Elite French and Swedish Athletes.” Psychology of Sport and Exercise 8 (2007): 101–18. UK Sport. Performance Lifestyle. Retrieved on November 20, 2012, from http://www.uksport.gov. uk/pages/performance-lifestyle/, 2012. Wylleman, P., D. Alfermann, and D. Lavallee. “Career Transitions in Sport: European Perspectives.” Psychology of Sport and Exercise 5 (2004): 7–20. Wylleman, P., and D. Lavallee. “A Developmental Perspective on Transitions Faced by Athletes.” In Developmental Sport and Exercise Psychology: A lifespan Perspective, edited by M. Weiss, 503–23. Morgantown, WV: Fitness Information Technology, 2004. Yannick, S., J. Bilard, G. Ninot, and D. Delignieres. “Repurcussions of Transition Out of Elite Sport on Subjective Well-Being: A One-Year Study.” Journal of Applied Sport Psychology 15 (2003): 354–71."

Aquilina, D., and I. Henry. “Elite Athletes and University Education in Europe: A Review of Policy and Practice in Higher Education in the European Union Member States.” International Journal of Sport Policy and Politics 2, no. 1 (2010): 25–47. Athletes to Business – A2B. Guidelines Promoting Dual Career in the EU. Brussels: European Olympic Committee EU Office, 2011. Brewer, B., J. Van Raalte, and A. Petitpas. “Self-Identity Issues in Sport Career Transitions.” In Career Transitions in Sport: International Perspectives, edited by D. Lavallee, and P. Wylleman, 29–43. Morgantown, WV: Fitness Information Technology. Dacyshyn, A. “When the Balance is Gone: The Sport and Retirement Experiences of Elite Female Gymnasts.” In Inside Sports, edited by J. Coakley, and P. Donnelly, 214–22. London: Routledge. De Knop, P., P. Wylleman, J. Van Hoecke, K. De Martalaer, and L. Bollaert. “A European approach to the management of the combination of academics and elite-level sport.” In Perspectives: The Interdisciplinary Series of Physical Education and Sport Science. Vol. 1, School Sports and Competition, edited by S. Bailey, 49–62. Oxford: Meyer & Meyer Sport, 1999. European Commission. White Paper on Sport. Brussles: Directorate General for Education and Culture, 2007. European Commission. The Lisbon Treaty and EU Sports Policy. Brussels: Directorate General for Internal Policies – Policy Department B (Structural and Cohesion Policies), 2010. European Commission. EU Guidelines on Dual Careers of Athletes: Recommended Policy Actions in Support of Dual Careers in High-Performance Sport. (Approved by the EU Expert Group “Education & Training in Sport” at its meeting in Poznań on 28 September 2012, forwarded for approval by the Council of Ministers and published, ENGSO web site). Brussels: Sport Unit, European Commission. European Parliament. Combining Sport and Education: Support for Athletes in the EU Member States. Luxembourg: European Parliament, 2003. Henry, I. “Elite Athletes and Higher Education: Lifestyle, “Balance” and the Management of Sporting and Educational Performance.” http://doc.rero.ch/lm.php?url¼1000,42,38, 20110314150728-YK/2010_-_Henry.pdf, 2011. INEUM Consulting and TAJ. Study on the Training of Young Sportsmen and Sportswomen in Europe. Brussels: European Commission, 2007. Lavallee, D. “The Effect of a Life Development Intervention on Sports Career Transition Adjustment.” The Sport Psychologist 19 (2005): 193–202. Lavallee, D., and H. Robinson. “In Pursuit of an Identity: A Qualitative Exploration of Retirement From Women’s Artistic Gymnastics.” Psychology of Sport and Exercise 8 (2007): 119–41. Miller, R. Researching Life Stories and Family Histories. London: Sage, 1999. Nier, O. “The Development of Academies for Young Professional Rugby Players in France.” In The Education of Elite Young Sportspersons in Europe, edited by M. Amara, D. Aquilina, I. Henry, and P. MP Consultants. London: PMP Consultants, 2004. North, J., and D. Lavallee. “An Investigation of Potential Users of Career Transition Services in the United Kingdom.” Psychology of Sport and Exercise 5 (2004): 77–84. Price, N., N. Morrison, and S. Arnold. “Life Out of the Limelight: Understanding the Non-Sporting Pursuits of Elite Athletes.” The International Journal of Sport and Society 1, no. 3 (2010): 69–79. Skills Active. “Advanced Apprenticeship in Sporting Excellence (AASE).” Retrieved on January 30, 2011, from http://www.skillsactive.com/training/apprenticeships/aase, 2010. Stambulova, N. “Athlete’s Crises: A Developmental Perspective.” International Journal of Sport Psychology 31 (2000): 584–601. Stambulova, N., Y. Stephan, and U. Japhag. “Athletic Retirement: A Cross-National Comparison of Elite French and Swedish Athletes.” Psychology of Sport and Exercise 8 (2007): 101–18. UK Sport. Performance Lifestyle. Retrieved on November 20, 2012, from http://www.uksport.gov. uk/pages/performance-lifestyle/, 2012. Wylleman, P., D. Alfermann, and D. Lavallee. “Career Transitions in Sport: European Perspectives.” Psychology of Sport and Exercise 5 (2004): 7–20. Wylleman, P., and D. Lavallee. “A Developmental Perspective on Transitions Faced by Athletes.” In Developmental Sport and Exercise Psychology: A lifespan Perspective, edited by M. Weiss, 503–23. Morgantown, WV: Fitness Information Technology, 2004. Yannick, S., J. Bilard, G. Ninot, and D. Delignieres. “Repurcussions of Transition Out of Elite Sport on Subjective Well-Being: A One-Year Study.” Journal of Applied Sport Psychology 15 (2003): 354–71."

Aquilina, D., and I. Henry. “Elite Athletes and University Education in Europe: A Review of Policy and Practice in Higher Education in the European Union Member States.” International Journal of Sport Policy and Politics 2, no. 1 (2010): 25–47. Athletes to Business – A2B. Guidelines Promoting Dual Career in the EU. Brussels: European Olympic Committee EU Office, 2011. Brewer, B., J. Van Raalte, and A. Petitpas. “Self-Identity Issues in Sport Career Transitions.” In Career Transitions in Sport: International Perspectives, edited by D. Lavallee, and P. Wylleman, 29–43. Morgantown, WV: Fitness Information Technology. Dacyshyn, A. “When the Balance is Gone: The Sport and Retirement Experiences of Elite Female Gymnasts.” In Inside Sports, edited by J. Coakley, and P. Donnelly, 214–22. London: Routledge. De Knop, P., P. Wylleman, J. Van Hoecke, K. De Martalaer, and L. Bollaert. “A European approach to the management of the combination of academics and elite-level sport.” In Perspectives: The Interdisciplinary Series of Physical Education and Sport Science. Vol. 1, School Sports and Competition, edited by S. Bailey, 49–62. Oxford: Meyer & Meyer Sport, 1999. European Commission. White Paper on Sport. Brussles: Directorate General for Education and Culture, 2007. European Commission. The Lisbon Treaty and EU Sports Policy. Brussels: Directorate General for Internal Policies – Policy Department B (Structural and Cohesion Policies), 2010. European Commission. EU Guidelines on Dual Careers of Athletes: Recommended Policy Actions in Support of Dual Careers in High-Performance Sport. (Approved by the EU Expert Group “Education & Training in Sport” at its meeting in Poznań on 28 September 2012, forwarded for approval by the Council of Ministers and published, ENGSO web site). Brussels: Sport Unit, European Commission. European Parliament. Combining Sport and Education: Support for Athletes in the EU Member States. Luxembourg: European Parliament, 2003. Henry, I. “Elite Athletes and Higher Education: Lifestyle, “Balance” and the Management of Sporting and Educational Performance.” http://doc.rero.ch/lm.php?url¼1000,42,38, 20110314150728-YK/2010_-_Henry.pdf, 2011. INEUM Consulting and TAJ. Study on the Training of Young Sportsmen and Sportswomen in Europe. Brussels: European Commission, 2007. Lavallee, D. “The Effect of a Life Development Intervention on Sports Career Transition Adjustment.” The Sport Psychologist 19 (2005): 193–202. Lavallee, D., and H. Robinson. “In Pursuit of an Identity: A Qualitative Exploration of Retirement From Women’s Artistic Gymnastics.” Psychology of Sport and Exercise 8 (2007): 119–41. Miller, R. Researching Life Stories and Family Histories. London: Sage, 1999. Nier, O. “The Development of Academies for Young Professional Rugby Players in France.” In The Education of Elite Young Sportspersons in Europe, edited by M. Amara, D. Aquilina, I. Henry, and P. MP Consultants. London: PMP Consultants, 2004. North, J., and D. Lavallee. “An Investigation of Potential Users of Career Transition Services in the United Kingdom.” Psychology of Sport and Exercise 5 (2004): 77–84. Price, N., N. Morrison, and S. Arnold. “Life Out of the Limelight: Understanding the Non-Sporting Pursuits of Elite Athletes.” The International Journal of Sport and Society 1, no. 3 (2010): 69–79. Skills Active. “Advanced Apprenticeship in Sporting Excellence (AASE).” Retrieved on January 30, 2011, from http://www.skillsactive.com/training/apprenticeships/aase, 2010. Stambulova, N. “Athlete’s Crises: A Developmental Perspective.” International Journal of Sport Psychology 31 (2000): 584–601. Stambulova, N., Y. Stephan, and U. Japhag. “Athletic Retirement: A Cross-National Comparison of Elite French and Swedish Athletes.” Psychology of Sport and Exercise 8 (2007): 101–18. UK Sport. Performance Lifestyle. Retrieved on November 20, 2012, from http://www.uksport.gov. uk/pages/performance-lifestyle/, 2012. Wylleman, P., D. Alfermann, and D. Lavallee. “Career Transitions in Sport: European Perspectives.” Psychology of Sport and Exercise 5 (2004): 7–20. Wylleman, P., and D. Lavallee. “A Developmental Perspective on Transitions Faced by Athletes.” In Developmental Sport and Exercise Psychology: A lifespan Perspective, edited by M. Weiss, 503–23. Morgantown, WV: Fitness Information Technology, 2004. Yannick, S., J. Bilard, G. Ninot, and D. Delignieres. “Repurcussions of Transition Out of Elite Sport on Subjective Well-Being: A One-Year Study.” Journal of Applied Sport Psychology 15 (2003): 354–71."

Aquilina, D., and I. Henry. “Elite Athletes and University Education in Europe: A Review of Policy and Practice in Higher Education in the European Union Member States.” International Journal of Sport Policy and Politics 2, no. 1 (2010): 25–47. Athletes to Business – A2B. Guidelines Promoting Dual Career in the EU. Brussels: European Olympic Committee EU Office, 2011. Brewer, B., J. Van Raalte, and A. Petitpas. “Self-Identity Issues in Sport Career Transitions.” In Career Transitions in Sport: International Perspectives, edited by D. Lavallee, and P. Wylleman, 29–43. Morgantown, WV: Fitness Information Technology. Dacyshyn, A. “When the Balance is Gone: The Sport and Retirement Experiences of Elite Female Gymnasts.” In Inside Sports, edited by J. Coakley, and P. Donnelly, 214–22. London: Routledge. De Knop, P., P. Wylleman, J. Van Hoecke, K. De Martalaer, and L. Bollaert. “A European approach to the management of the combination of academics and elite-level sport.” In Perspectives: The Interdisciplinary Series of Physical Education and Sport Science. Vol. 1, School Sports and Competition, edited by S. Bailey, 49–62. Oxford: Meyer & Meyer Sport, 1999. European Commission. White Paper on Sport. Brussles: Directorate General for Education and Culture, 2007. European Commission. The Lisbon Treaty and EU Sports Policy. Brussels: Directorate General for Internal Policies – Policy Department B (Structural and Cohesion Policies), 2010. European Commission. EU Guidelines on Dual Careers of Athletes: Recommended Policy Actions in Support of Dual Careers in High-Performance Sport. (Approved by the EU Expert Group “Education & Training in Sport” at its meeting in Poznań on 28 September 2012, forwarded for approval by the Council of Ministers and published, ENGSO web site). Brussels: Sport Unit, European Commission. European Parliament. Combining Sport and Education: Support for Athletes in the EU Member States. Luxembourg: European Parliament, 2003. Henry, I. “Elite Athletes and Higher Education: Lifestyle, “Balance” and the Management of Sporting and Educational Performance.” http://doc.rero.ch/lm.php?url¼1000,42,38, 20110314150728-YK/2010_-_Henry.pdf, 2011. INEUM Consulting and TAJ. Study on the Training of Young Sportsmen and Sportswomen in Europe. Brussels: European Commission, 2007. Lavallee, D. “The Effect of a Life Development Intervention on Sports Career Transition Adjustment.” The Sport Psychologist 19 (2005): 193–202. Lavallee, D., and H. Robinson. “In Pursuit of an Identity: A Qualitative Exploration of Retirement From Women’s Artistic Gymnastics.” Psychology of Sport and Exercise 8 (2007): 119–41. Miller, R. Researching Life Stories and Family Histories. London: Sage, 1999. Nier, O. “The Development of Academies for Young Professional Rugby Players in France.” In The Education of Elite Young Sportspersons in Europe, edited by M. Amara, D. Aquilina, I. Henry, and P. MP Consultants. London: PMP Consultants, 2004. North, J., and D. Lavallee. “An Investigation of Potential Users of Career Transition Services in the United Kingdom.” Psychology of Sport and Exercise 5 (2004): 77–84. Price, N., N. Morrison, and S. Arnold. “Life Out of the Limelight: Understanding the Non-Sporting Pursuits of Elite Athletes.” The International Journal of Sport and Society 1, no. 3 (2010): 69–79. Skills Active. “Advanced Apprenticeship in Sporting Excellence (AASE).” Retrieved on January 30, 2011, from http://www.skillsactive.com/training/apprenticeships/aase, 2010. Stambulova, N. “Athlete’s Crises: A Developmental Perspective.” International Journal of Sport Psychology 31 (2000): 584–601. Stambulova, N., Y. Stephan, and U. Japhag. “Athletic Retirement: A Cross-National Comparison of Elite French and Swedish Athletes.” Psychology of Sport and Exercise 8 (2007): 101–18. UK Sport. Performance Lifestyle. Retrieved on November 20, 2012, from http://www.uksport.gov. uk/pages/performance-lifestyle/, 2012. Wylleman, P., D. Alfermann, and D. Lavallee. “Career Transitions in Sport: European Perspectives.” Psychology of Sport and Exercise 5 (2004): 7–20. Wylleman, P., and D. Lavallee. “A Developmental Perspective on Transitions Faced by Athletes.” In Developmental Sport and Exercise Psychology: A lifespan Perspective, edited by M. Weiss, 503–23. Morgantown, WV: Fitness Information Technology, 2004. Yannick, S., J. Bilard, G. Ninot, and D. Delignieres. “Repurcussions of Transition Out of Elite Sport on Subjective Well-Being: A One-Year Study.” Journal of Applied Sport Psychology 15 (2003): 354–71."

Aquilina, D., and I. Henry. “Elite Athletes and University Education in Europe: A Review of Policy and Practice in Higher Education in the European Union Member States.” International Journal of Sport Policy and Politics 2, no. 1 (2010): 25–47. Athletes to Business – A2B. Guidelines Promoting Dual Career in the EU. Brussels: European Olympic Committee EU Office, 2011. Brewer, B., J. Van Raalte, and A. Petitpas. “Self-Identity Issues in Sport Career Transitions.” In Career Transitions in Sport: International Perspectives, edited by D. Lavallee, and P. Wylleman, 29–43. Morgantown, WV: Fitness Information Technology. Dacyshyn, A. “When the Balance is Gone: The Sport and Retirement Experiences of Elite Female Gymnasts.” In Inside Sports, edited by J. Coakley, and P. Donnelly, 214–22. London: Routledge. De Knop, P., P. Wylleman, J. Van Hoecke, K. De Martalaer, and L. Bollaert. “A European approach to the management of the combination of academics and elite-level sport.” In Perspectives: The Interdisciplinary Series of Physical Education and Sport Science. Vol. 1, School Sports and Competition, edited by S. Bailey, 49–62. Oxford: Meyer & Meyer Sport, 1999. European Commission. White Paper on Sport. Brussles: Directorate General for Education and Culture, 2007. European Commission. The Lisbon Treaty and EU Sports Policy. Brussels: Directorate General for Internal Policies – Policy Department B (Structural and Cohesion Policies), 2010. European Commission. EU Guidelines on Dual Careers of Athletes: Recommended Policy Actions in Support of Dual Careers in High-Performance Sport. (Approved by the EU Expert Group “Education & Training in Sport” at its meeting in Poznań on 28 September 2012, forwarded for approval by the Council of Ministers and published, ENGSO web site). Brussels: Sport Unit, European Commission. European Parliament. Combining Sport and Education: Support for Athletes in the EU Member States. Luxembourg: European Parliament, 2003. Henry, I. “Elite Athletes and Higher Education: Lifestyle, “Balance” and the Management of Sporting and Educational Performance.” http://doc.rero.ch/lm.php?url¼1000,42,38, 20110314150728-YK/2010_-_Henry.pdf, 2011. INEUM Consulting and TAJ. Study on the Training of Young Sportsmen and Sportswomen in Europe. Brussels: European Commission, 2007. Lavallee, D. “The Effect of a Life Development Intervention on Sports Career Transition Adjustment.” The Sport Psychologist 19 (2005): 193–202. Lavallee, D., and H. Robinson. “In Pursuit of an Identity: A Qualitative Exploration of Retirement From Women’s Artistic Gymnastics.” Psychology of Sport and Exercise 8 (2007): 119–41. Miller, R. Researching Life Stories and Family Histories. London: Sage, 1999. Nier, O. “The Development of Academies for Young Professional Rugby Players in France.” In The Education of Elite Young Sportspersons in Europe, edited by M. Amara, D. Aquilina, I. Henry, and P. MP Consultants. London: PMP Consultants, 2004. North, J., and D. Lavallee. “An Investigation of Potential Users of Career Transition Services in the United Kingdom.” Psychology of Sport and Exercise 5 (2004): 77–84. Price, N., N. Morrison, and S. Arnold. “Life Out of the Limelight: Understanding the Non-Sporting Pursuits of Elite Athletes.” The International Journal of Sport and Society 1, no. 3 (2010): 69–79. Skills Active. “Advanced Apprenticeship in Sporting Excellence (AASE).” Retrieved on January 30, 2011, from http://www.skillsactive.com/training/apprenticeships/aase, 2010. Stambulova, N. “Athlete’s Crises: A Developmental Perspective.” International Journal of Sport Psychology 31 (2000): 584–601. Stambulova, N., Y. Stephan, and U. Japhag. “Athletic Retirement: A Cross-National Comparison of Elite French and Swedish Athletes.” Psychology of Sport and Exercise 8 (2007): 101–18. UK Sport. Performance Lifestyle. Retrieved on November 20, 2012, from http://www.uksport.gov. uk/pages/performance-lifestyle/, 2012. Wylleman, P., D. Alfermann, and D. Lavallee. “Career Transitions in Sport: European Perspectives.” Psychology of Sport and Exercise 5 (2004): 7–20. Wylleman, P., and D. Lavallee. “A Developmental Perspective on Transitions Faced by Athletes.” In Developmental Sport and Exercise Psychology: A lifespan Perspective, edited by M. Weiss, 503–23. Morgantown, WV: Fitness Information Technology, 2004. Yannick, S., J. Bilard, G. Ninot, and D. Delignieres. “Repurcussions of Transition Out of Elite Sport on Subjective Well-Being: A One-Year Study.” Journal of Applied Sport Psychology 15 (2003): 354–71."

Aquilina, D., and I. Henry. “Elite Athletes and University Education in Europe: A Review of Policy and Practice in Higher Education in the European Union Member States.” International Journal of Sport Policy and Politics 2, no. 1 (2010): 25–47. Athletes to Business – A2B. Guidelines Promoting Dual Career in the EU. Brussels: European Olympic Committee EU Office, 2011. Brewer, B., J. Van Raalte, and A. Petitpas. “Self-Identity Issues in Sport Career Transitions.” In Career Transitions in Sport: International Perspectives, edited by D. Lavallee, and P. Wylleman, 29–43. Morgantown, WV: Fitness Information Technology. Dacyshyn, A. “When the Balance is Gone: The Sport and Retirement Experiences of Elite Female Gymnasts.” In Inside Sports, edited by J. Coakley, and P. Donnelly, 214–22. London: Routledge. De Knop, P., P. Wylleman, J. Van Hoecke, K. De Martalaer, and L. Bollaert. “A European approach to the management of the combination of academics and elite-level sport.” In Perspectives: The Interdisciplinary Series of Physical Education and Sport Science. Vol. 1, School Sports and Competition, edited by S. Bailey, 49–62. Oxford: Meyer & Meyer Sport, 1999. European Commission. White Paper on Sport. Brussles: Directorate General for Education and Culture, 2007. European Commission. The Lisbon Treaty and EU Sports Policy. Brussels: Directorate General for Internal Policies – Policy Department B (Structural and Cohesion Policies), 2010. European Commission. EU Guidelines on Dual Careers of Athletes: Recommended Policy Actions in Support of Dual Careers in High-Performance Sport. (Approved by the EU Expert Group “Education & Training in Sport” at its meeting in Poznań on 28 September 2012, forwarded for approval by the Council of Ministers and published, ENGSO web site). Brussels: Sport Unit, European Commission. European Parliament. Combining Sport and Education: Support for Athletes in the EU Member States. Luxembourg: European Parliament, 2003. Henry, I. “Elite Athletes and Higher Education: Lifestyle, “Balance” and the Management of Sporting and Educational Performance.” http://doc.rero.ch/lm.php?url¼1000,42,38, 20110314150728-YK/2010_-_Henry.pdf, 2011. INEUM Consulting and TAJ. Study on the Training of Young Sportsmen and Sportswomen in Europe. Brussels: European Commission, 2007. Lavallee, D. “The Effect of a Life Development Intervention on Sports Career Transition Adjustment.” The Sport Psychologist 19 (2005): 193–202. Lavallee, D., and H. Robinson. “In Pursuit of an Identity: A Qualitative Exploration of Retirement From Women’s Artistic Gymnastics.” Psychology of Sport and Exercise 8 (2007): 119–41. Miller, R. Researching Life Stories and Family Histories. London: Sage, 1999. Nier, O. “The Development of Academies for Young Professional Rugby Players in France.” In The Education of Elite Young Sportspersons in Europe, edited by M. Amara, D. Aquilina, I. Henry, and P. MP Consultants. London: PMP Consultants, 2004. North, J., and D. Lavallee. “An Investigation of Potential Users of Career Transition Services in the United Kingdom.” Psychology of Sport and Exercise 5 (2004): 77–84. Price, N., N. Morrison, and S. Arnold. “Life Out of the Limelight: Understanding the Non-Sporting Pursuits of Elite Athletes.” The International Journal of Sport and Society 1, no. 3 (2010): 69–79. Skills Active. “Advanced Apprenticeship in Sporting Excellence (AASE).” Retrieved on January 30, 2011, from http://www.skillsactive.com/training/apprenticeships/aase, 2010. Stambulova, N. “Athlete’s Crises: A Developmental Perspective.” International Journal of Sport Psychology 31 (2000): 584–601. Stambulova, N., Y. Stephan, and U. Japhag. “Athletic Retirement: A Cross-National Comparison of Elite French and Swedish Athletes.” Psychology of Sport and Exercise 8 (2007): 101–18. UK Sport. Performance Lifestyle. Retrieved on November 20, 2012, from http://www.uksport.gov. uk/pages/performance-lifestyle/, 2012. Wylleman, P., D. Alfermann, and D. Lavallee. “Career Transitions in Sport: European Perspectives.” Psychology of Sport and Exercise 5 (2004): 7–20. Wylleman, P., and D. Lavallee. “A Developmental Perspective on Transitions Faced by Athletes.” In Developmental Sport and Exercise Psychology: A lifespan Perspective, edited by M. Weiss, 503–23. Morgantown, WV: Fitness Information Technology, 2004. Yannick, S., J. Bilard, G. Ninot, and D. Delignieres. “Repurcussions of Transition Out of Elite Sport on Subjective Well-Being: A One-Year Study.” Journal of Applied Sport Psychology 15 (2003): 354–71."