This research review found that the three elements of the school-to-work transition - schools, employers, and the relationship between them -operate differently than is commonly assumed. First, the selection process and outcomes of vocational education are more variable and generally more positive. Second, although employers decry youths' poor preparation, research indicates that employers may inadvertently contribute to it. Third, economic theory warns about the inefficiencies of institutional linkages, but research indicates that school-employer linkages can enhance incentives, the flow of information, and employment outcomes. This article suggests that the school-work transition may be improved if schools make academic instruction vocationally relevant, employers base hiring on applicants' achievement in school, and school-employer linkages are created and appropriately designed.
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