Purpose – Simulations have been explored and used as effective educational tools to support active learning. However, despite the increasing adoption of simulation-based learning, there is a need for the design of comprehensive simulations that can support the acquisition of a range of competencies linked to the current construction industry demands. With an aim of determining the current situation, this study conducts a systematic literature review (SLR) on simulations for teaching construction management to undergraduate students. Design/methodology/approach – The articles were selected through a systematic literature review following the PRISMA guidelines, and utilizing Scopus and Web of Science databases. Findings – This study shows that a total of 94 simulations were identified from the literature and can be categorized in terms of their composition by virtual, real or virtual and real elements. The majority of the simulations have been designed with virtual elements. This study shows that 22 competencies and skills were developed in the 94 simulations. Also, the most frequent competencies and skills developed are not aligned with the most valued, according to construction professionals. Furthermore, most simulations currently implemented focus on development, often limited to technical aspects. In addition, this study shows that simulation evaluation should be generally improved. Practical implications – The findings from this review would help researchers, simulation developers and construction management developers identify the current situation of simulations in terms of their composition, validation and competencies linked to digitalization, sustainability and human-centered skills, particularly relevant in the emerging paradigms of Construction 4.0 and 5.0. This review also suggests that to improve simulation designs, future studies should apply more rigorous experimental designs, integrate real-time feedback mechanisms and validate simulation outcomes across different institutional and cultural contexts. Originality/value – This study undertakes a comprehensive SLR of studies about teaching construction management to undergraduate students published in the past 30 years, which indicate the latest trends. It is the first attempt internationally to provide a description of the current situation of simulations in terms of their composition, validation and competencies linked to the current construction industry demands. © 2025 Emerald Publishing Limited
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