The article considers implementing a competency-based approach in teaching astronomy and astrophysics in general and specialised educational institutions. competency-based learning facilitates not only knowledge acquisition but also the development of key skills, including critical thinking, research and digital competencies, analytical abilities, communication skills, and teamwork. Special attention is given to the use of interactive technologies, particularly virtual laboratories, simulations, and digital tools, which enable students to observe and analyse astronomical phenomena even remotely. Programmes such as Stellarium, Universe Sandbox 2, and others open up opportunities for a deeper understanding of complex astronomical processes and contribute to the formation of students' scientific worldviews. The article also examines methods of organising laboratory work and research projects aimed at modelling cosmic phenomena, analysing the physical characteristics of stars, and calculating planetary orbits. The use of modern technologies in teaching allows for high-quality material assimilation, increased student motivation, and the integration of interdisciplinary knowledge. The research results confirm the effectiveness of the competency-based approach, which ensures the development of necessary skills for successful student adaptation to modern technological society and their preparation for further scientific or professional activities. © Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd.
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