The increasing integration of digital technologies in education has positioned Augmented Reality (AR) as a transformative tool. However, despite its proliferation from early marker based systems to sophisticated markerless applications, a comprehensive understanding of its pedagogical value and the practical challenges of its implementation remains a critical research gap. This study aims to bridge this gap by systematically synthesizing a diverse body of existing research. Utilizing a library research methodology, this paper analyzes peer reviewed scientific literature, including meta analyses and empirical studies, to examine both the multifaceted cognitive impacts of AR on learners and the most effective AR based educational strategies. The findings reveal that AR significantly enhances core cognitive functions including conceptual understanding, long term memory retention, and spatial visualization by facilitating embodied cognition and bridging abstract concepts with interactive, concrete experiences. Furthermore, this synthesis identifies that the most impactful pedagogical approaches are deeply integrated into the curriculum, manifesting as collaborative learning, contextual scaffolding, and authentic project based learning. In conclusion, while AR holds immense potential, its efficacy is contingent upon a holistic implementation that aligns technological capabilities with sound pedagogical principles and supportive institutional policies. Consequently, this work underscores the necessity for future development to focus on creating robust, standardized AR learning frameworks that prioritize content interoperability, establish clear learning analytics, and adhere to universal design principles to ensure scalable, accessible, and inclusive educational experiences, thereby addressing persistent adoption challenges. © 2025 IEEE.
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