The chapter aims to analyse the apprenticeship system in Italy, which, compared to models in various legal systems, exhibits particularly noteworthy peculiarities. Methodologically, the research employs a benchmarking approach, comparing the Italian model with the typical European framework as defined by EU institutions. The findings suggest that the Italian apprenticeship model is truly unique. It emphasises the role of companies in the training of apprentices, placing significant responsibility on social partners and collective bargaining. Additionally, it does not mandate the compulsory involvement of a formal educational institution, presenting both advantages and disadvantages. Though focused on the Italian case, the chapter offers policy recommendations for European lawmakers on regulating training within employment contracts, highlighting the potential roles of employer associations and trade unions. © 2026 selection and editorial matter, Lourdes Mella Méndez, Silvia Fernández Martínez and Bárbara Torres García; individual chapters, the contributors.
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