The transfer of vocational education and training (VET) between different countries has played a major role for many years. In contrast to the discourse in transfer policy research on general and higher education, the motives and causes for transfer in VET have so far only been partially discussed. This chapter therefore takes up the pull and push factors approach. This approach enables a detailed and at the same time structured analysis of the reasons for transfer activities. Since VET is very inhomogeneous internationally due to its differentiated forms and the high number of different actors, in contrast to general education, an additional structuring is to be achieved by including an actor approach. The motives of the various actors for transfer will be analyzed and discussed using the concept of institutional logic. The research object for the pull factors is focused on countries that belong to the emerging economies. With regard to the push factors, reference is made primarily to the German-speaking countries, where the transfer of vocational education and training is particularly pronounced both quantitatively and institutionally. The results make it possible on the one hand to close a research gap and on the other hand to reflect on international transfer activities in the field of VET in general. © 2026 selection and editorial matter, Oscar Valiente, Srabani Maitra, Philipp Gonon and Matthias Pilz; individual chapters, the contributors.
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