This study examines the role of integrating Project-Based Learning (This study examines the role of integrating Project-Based Learning (PjBL) and Mobile Learning (ML) in enhancing Student Engagement (SE) in TVET. Using a quantitative method with an explanatory causal design, this research explores direct and indirect relationships among PjBL, ML, and SE using Structural Equation Modelling (SEM). Data were collected from 40 TVET students enrolled in the Electrical Motor Installation course at Universitas Negeri Padang. The findings reveal that PjBL significantly enhances SE through constructive, independent, collaborative, and contextual learning. Meanwhile, ML amplifies these benefits by providing flexibility, accessibility, and interactive platforms, effectively mediating the impact of PjBL on SE. Together, these approaches address the cognitive, behavioural, and emotional dimensions of engagement, creating a synergistic framework that aligns educational practices with the demands of a technology-driven workforce. The study underscores the importance of integrating PjBL and ML to foster autonomy, real-world relevance, and adaptability in TVET students. The practical implications of this study require educators to utilise these approaches to design dynamic learning experiences, institutions to invest in the necessary technological infrastructure and educator training, and policymakers to support such innovations through targeted policies and resources. © 2025, Penerbit UTHM. All rights reserved.
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