Although there are different definitions of leadership, there is a consensus that leadership denotes the ability to lead others as well as oneself to achieve specific goals. Leadership emphasizes multifaceted qualities that can be nurtured and trained by appropriate training and intervention programs (e.g., leadership education). Notably, student leadership programs can enrich students’ experiences, empower them to develop a sense of control over their lives and future, and cultivate qualities and competencies for future leadership roles. Generally speaking, effective student leadership programs can be embedded with diversified content and objectives, applying an integrated approach with action, reflection, learning, and practice to cultivate students’ inward and outward qualities. Despite diversified leadership theories and models adopted, most effective student leadership programs concentrate on teaching leadership knowledge, building students’ various leadership skills (e.g., problem-solving, planning, decision-making, and self-awareness), values, integrity, ethics, and morality, reflecting on one’s behaviors, attitudes, beliefs, and values, and providing opportunities for students to perform Service-Learning or community practice under the supervision of mentors. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2025.
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