The importance of entrepreneurial education systems – designed to navigate complexity, multiculturalism, and digital transformation – has grown in response to today’s volatile and uncertain world. These systems play a pivotal role in equipping future generations with entrepreneurial knowledge, new skills, and the ability to create innovative ventures. Research emphasizes the need for systematic approaches to developing entrepreneurial learning ecosystems and leveraging digital technologies to enhance innovative pedagogies. This chapter will address some critical issues for rethinking theoretical frameworks for entrepreneurial education from both institutional and pedagogical perspectives, while considering the growing of role digital technologies in shaping the developments of those learning systems. It provides an overview of recent developments in entrepreneurial education worldwide, analyses the effects of institutional differences between China and the West through the prism of complexity absorption, and discusses instructional design strategies and models in response to those differences. This topic has become a focal point for policymakers, administrators, and educators globally, particularly within the transnational education sector. Higher Education Institutions stand to gain significantly by reimagining theoretical frameworks for entrepreneurial education through a dual Chinese-Western lens, fostering transnational collaboration. © Jean-Yves Le Corre et al., 2025.
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