Seeking to understand which pedagogical theories support the initial training of special education teachers in Brazil, we analyze documents, based on historical-dialectical materialism. We examined 53 courses and 1101 subjects, categorized into: fundamentals of education; vocational training; field-specific; “Others”, their relations with the stages and modalities of basic education and with curricular knowledge. We observed that there is an emphasis on the understanding of teaching as an individualized process, which seeks to develop students’ skills and competencies. The absence of a theoretical basis and curricular content distances this formation from a schooling project and brings it closer to non-critical perspectives, such as the new and technical school. © 2025, Centro de Estudos Educacao e Sociedade - CEDES. All rights reserved.
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