Purpose: This study examines the gap between what design graduates are taught in university and the competencies required by the design industry. Methodology: The research used a qualitative exploration approach and interviewed 25 design alumnae who had finished their certification and were employed in 10 graphic design firms in Accra and Kumasi. Findings: The results revealed that the industry expected graduates to possess sustainable, professional, and personal skills to fulfil the industry's needs. The findings showed that most design firms did not provide structured education programs to prepare graphic designers for the qualities, deficiencies, possibilities, and challenges in the profession instead, hands-on training was used. Implications: The study recommended that design education focus on preparing students for multi-skilled and applied design understanding in areas such as industry understanding, the changing nature of work, time management, critical thinking, innovation, teamwork, and expressive ability. Originality/value: The study suggests that the industry needs to provide more formal training to bridge the disparity between what design graduates are trained in and what the business requires. © The Author(s) 2025.
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