Engineering education faces complex constraints, not only future challenges, such as pandemic situations have to be taken into account, but also the heterogeneous pre-knowledge of students. Thus, the learning objectives should not only focus on complex knowledge or technical respectively problem-solving skills development but also on integrating sustainable aspects and resource efficiency. In context of individual needs of learners, it is also evident to consider gender and diversity aspects. Flexible and hybrid learning paths with hands-on experiences on cyber-physical systems may be appropriate to enable individual competence development. Thus, in this contribution the technical architecture and functional features of cyber-physical systems are analyzed to develop learning scenarios that meet the different requirements. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2024.
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