The inevitable acceptance and the fast-track developments in technology, computers, and the internet, in particular, have revolutionized human life to a great extent. Industry 4.0 or the Factory of the Future is the fourth and the final phase in industrial revolution. It largely focuses on manufacturing by bringing together the manufacturing and digital technologies through the utilization of automation and data analytics. This has further opened doors for several other high-tech folds such as artificial intelligence, automation, data analytics, mass customization, etc., resulting into a reduction of human intervention. The amalgamation of physical, digital, and biological worlds is leading to significant changes in the organizations and HR professionals are struggling to cope up with the same. Traditional HR, hence, has a new version HR 4.0 which is revolutionary and has made HR more automated with activities focused on strategic issues and no longer on manual, bureaucratic, and repetitive actions. The chapter explores the dynamics of HR 4.0 in Industry 4.0 while examining the reasons for redefining the HR practices in the beginning. Further, the chapter dwells on the trends in people management before 4.0 where it gained significance and multiple titles such as "personnel relations" which gradually got changed to "industrial relations" then "employee relations" and finally to "human resources." This is followed by a discussion of current trends in HR 4.0 which have conventionalized digitalized tools in people management like people involvement, artificial intelligence, employee training, and cyber security. The chapter culminates with insights into the challenges faced by HR professionals in the implementation of HR 4.0. © 2023 by Apple Academic Press, Inc. All rights reserved.
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