This chapter reviews the role of business in training policy. The first section discusses the relevance of training policy with regard to economic competitiveness and social inclusion. Subsequently, the chapter explores the literature on varieties of capitalism and skill formation regimes, before zooming in on collective skill formation systems because of their particularly interesting form of private-public partnership in the case of dual vocational education and training. This chapter then turns to structural pressures on skill formation regimes, most notably globalization and technological change. The final section discusses how skill formation regimes, especially European systems with private-public partnerships as in collective skill formation regimes, can survive in the face of these structural pressures. It finds that while some collective elements are increasingly transferred to other regimes, collective systems themselves have been subject to declining collectivism. Either the state takes over functions of employers or training is increasingly shaped according to the demands of (large) firms. © Aynsley Kellow, Tony Porter and Karsten Ronit 2021.
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