Search Results for
"Article"

The number of women general dental practitioners has increased in the last few years as the number of women graduating from UK dental schools has also increased. The increase in women practitioners from 1975 to 1985 is of the order of 10 per cent, although only 23 per cent of the total owned their own practices either alone or in partnership. The paper describes the author's own experiences in setting up a thriving practice and the problems she encountered as a woman. Also described are the author's observations in striving for greater goals for general dental practitioners in terms of continuing education and vocational training.

[No abstract available]

A nationally representative sample of youth with disabilities who recently exited high school was studied to determine the participation of the youth in postsecondary educational programs. The results show that youth with disabilities participate in postsecondary programs at only one-quarter the rate attained by their counterparts without disabilities and at only one-third the rate attained by economically disadvantaged youth. The relationship of postsecondary education for youth with disabilities to long-term success in employment is yet to be determined. © 1990, Council for Exceptional Children. All rights reserved.

ABSTRACT: Recent education reform proposals eventually will lead to lengthier professional preparation programs for school health educators. Many of the proposals are based on unwarranted assumptions and myths about teacher education as well as an idealized view of undergraduate liberal studies. In addition to using research findings to challenge these assumptions, trends in accreditation by the National Council on Accreditation of Teacher Education and alternative certification are analyzed. One possible extended program model is subsequently offered. (J Sch Health. 1990;60(10):487–492) 1990 American School Health Association

Medical evidence on the extension and progression tendency of caries and periodontal diseases have been made by OHI/S, DMF/T-index as well as CPITN with the help of 555 apprentices at the beginning of their vocational training. Shortly before finishing their apprenticeship 415 of then had been examined again in the course of which had to be find out how their teeth-formation had worsened according to periodic examination within 18 month. The results show a clear deterioration of the oral state of health, but evidently indicate that corrections can be gained by continuous care, prevention and early diagnosis.

A cross-sectional analysis was carried out to examine factors exercizing an effect on the sickness rate among trainees. The study comprised 389 boys and 217 girls in their first or second years of apprenticeship. The sickness rate was found to be lower among young people with a high level of motivation and achievement than among those achieving less well. An appropriate practical vocational training helps to decrease the number of apprentices absent due to illness.

A questionnaire was designed and distributed to students in 12 randomly selected physiotherapy schools. The questionnaire sought information on the students' evaluation of nursing experience. The majority of students were very satisfied both with the time spent on this placement and with the quality of experience gained, but felt an improvement could be made in the actual organisation of the placement. © 1990, The Chartered Society of Physiotherapy. All rights reserved.

A randomized controlled trial was performed to study the effect on various teaching techniques on students performing sacroiliac motion palpation tests. This trial assessed the interexaminer reliability of interns in their final year at a chiropractic college, and compared their results prior to and following 1 year of clinical experience. The study also compared the intra- and interexaminer reliability of experienced clinicians. The results were analyzed via the Kappa coefficient. Kappa values for interns ranged from 0.00 to 0.30, with no significant differences noted at the end of 1 year of clinical experience. The interexaminer reliability of experienced clinicians was 0.00 to 0.167, whereas their intraexaminer reliability ranged from 0.15 to 1.00. These results question the role of experience in improving clinical accuracy between examiners performing sacroiliac motion palpation. Results analyzed for intraexaminer agreement were moderate to almost perfect. We conclude that experience does not play a significant role in the diagnostic test analyzed, but rather that clinicians may establish their own criteria by which to determine the standards of a given test.

A survey was conducted to determine the type of clinical and didactic training experience that was provided to resident trainees in physical medicine and rehabilitation (PM & R) in the 1987-1988 academic year. Chief residents from 43 (61%) of the 70 PM & R programs accredited by the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Eduction responded. According to respondents, the programs averaged 12.6 residents. The residents spent an average of 18.5 months on an inpatient bedservice, 12.6 months on outpatient exposures, and the remainder of the time attending other clinical experiences and didactic training. Forty percent of those responding reported that their programs required in-house call in postgraduate years (PGYs) 2 through 4, and 53% of the programs required no in-house call during the same clinical years. Seven percent of the programs required in-house call in PGYs 2 and 3, but none in PGY 4. The average time spent in electrodiagnostic studies was 7.6 months (range = 2 to 19 months). Electromyography exposure by completion of PGY 4 also varied widely, from 40 to 500 studies. Resident trainee exposure to inpatient and outpatient spinal cord injury, closed head injury, pediatric rehabilitation, sports medicine, and geriatric medicine, and rehabilitation fellowship positions being offered through the responding PM & R residency training programs were also surveyed. Some instances of apparent program imbalances or inadequate training which could reduce the scope of a resident's educational experience were noted.

This article may be of interest to physical therapy educators who are responsible for structuring station or practical examinations used to evaluate physical therapy students. The global intent of the article is to provide information that may be useful in selecting test items. Specifically, the purposes of this study were 1) to examine how two item-sampling strategies (one based on different diagnostic concepts, or diagnostic probes, and the other based on different anatomical sites) influenced the generalizability of a station examination, 2) to determine the interrater reliability during the station examination, and 3) to determine whether the status of the rater (that of observer or simulated patient) influenced the rating. Using a nested study design, 24 physical therapy students were assessed by eight raters. The raters were randomly and equally assigned to four teams. Each team assessed six students. One rater acted as the simulated patient for the first three students in each group, and the other rater acted as observer. This order was reversed for the last three students. Each student performed nine mini-diagnostic patient cases consisting of three diagnostic probes reproduced at three different anatomical sites. The results demonstrate that 1) similar diagnostic concepts can be generalized across anatomical sites, although different concepts or skills cannot be generalized at a given anatomical site or across sites; 2) interrater reliability was excellent; and 3) the status of the raters (ie, simulated patient or observer) did not bias the ratings. These findings suggest that increasing the number of diagnostic probes is a better strategy than increasing the number of anatomical sites for improving the overall test generalizability. Furthermore, costs (ie, expenditures of faculty time and funds) can be reduced by using a single rater acting as both the simulated patient and the rater.