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Can the German labour market serve as a benchmark for Europe?: Young people’s perspective

Book chapter
In countries that have a dual system of vocational training, like Austria, Germany, and Switzerland, the levels of education and employment are higher, with the risk of NEET being lower. Especially the German labour market is a good example of successful youth transitions into gainful employment and decent work. The aim of this paper is a preliminary assessment of the German model of vocational education as a benchmark for Europe. Focusing on the example of Germany and Poland, we investigate not only the costs and benefits of maintaining the dual systems but also several current challenges in the youth labour market. Although the dual system is still the most prominent track for young people, occupational training in school-based systems and tertiary studies is gaining importance. The reduction in the number of applicants for apprenticeship education and training in Germany is not only caused by demographic changes but also by the increasing attractiveness of tertiary studies. This is the reason why we are observing a trend of polarization in education. Considering the advantages of the dual system, we argue that the German apprenticeship approach should be used as a benchmark for the changes that are being implemented in Poland. © 2025 selection and editorial matter, Magdalena Osińska; individual chapters, the contributors.
In countries that have a dual system of vocational training, like Austria, Germany, and Switzerland, the levels of education and employment are higher, with the risk of NEET being lower. Especially the German labour market i …

Empowering engagement: The mediating role of academic self-efficacy in the link between teacher support and internship success among Wenzhou’s application-oriented university interns

Article Open Access
This study investigates the relationship between teacher support, academic self-efficacy, and internship attendance in a cohort of application-oriented university interns in Wenzhou, China. With a quantitative research design, data were collected from 152 interns by means of online surveys employing validated instruments to measure the three variables under study. Using the application of multiple regression and bootstrap methods, findings indicated that teacher support was a predictor of internship participation (β = 0.485, p < 0.01), and academic self-efficacy was a partial mediator for this context (indirect effect β = 0.204, 95% CI [0.119, 0.338]). The findings suggest that the construction of strong support mechanisms for instructors, as well as the development of students' academic self-efficacy, can enhance internship results in higher education settings where practical applications are emphasized. Institutions of higher learning ought to implement specific strategies aimed at creating these factors in a bid to enhance the quality and effectiveness of their internship programs. © 2025 by author(s).
This study investigates the relationship between teacher support, academic self-efficacy, and internship attendance in a cohort of application-oriented university interns in Wenzhou, China. With a quantitative research design, data were collected from 152 interns by means of online surveys employing …

FROM ENROLMENT TO DROPOUT: EXPLORING SEX-BASED DISPARITIES IN ENGINEERING education TRAJECTORIES

Article Open Access
Two primary factors contributing to disparities in engineering degrees are the low female enrolment and their high dropout rates. Understanding the reasons behind female students’ choices related to engineering and the factors leading to their departure remains critical. This study presents empirical findings on the contrasting factors influencing career choices and dropout intentions among male and female engineering undergraduates. An analysis of data from 602 participants revealed significant differences in career motivations, with males being more self-oriented, whereas females demonstrated a more collectivist approach. Additionally, female students reported higher dropout intentions, correlated with more frequent experiences of discrimination and lower self-esteem. The study also identifies specific contexts within engineering campuses where female students experienced discrimination. By highlighting these differences and underscoring where discrimination occurs, this research enriches the comprehension of the challenges faced by female engineering students. These insights are vital for formulating strategies to boost female engagement and retention in engineering, targeting broader goals of diversity and equality in tertiary education. © (2024), (OmniaScience). All Rights Reserved.
Two primary factors contributing to disparities in engineering degrees are the low female enrolment and their high dropout rates. Understanding the reasons behind female students’ choices related to engineering and the factors leading to their departure remains critical. This study presents empirica …

Examining the Influential Factors and Challenges of Modern Apprenticeship Programs from the Enterprise Perspective: A Comprehensive Analysis

Article
This study explores the determinants affecting the efficacy of modern apprenticeship programmes within small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) operating in the finance and commerce sectors of Zhejiang Province, China. Adopting a mixed-methods design, the research comprised a survey of 238 enterprise managers and educators associated with five higher vocational institutions, resulting in 214 valid responses. Additionally, ten enterprise mentors, nominated by Jiaxing Vocational and Technical College, engaged in semi-structured interviews. The findings highlight the critical roles of both internal and external collaboration, industry associations, institutional backing, and parental engagement in fostering the effectiveness of the modern apprenticeship framework. The study underscores the necessity for active participation from governmental bodies, educational institutions, industry associations, and enterprises in ensuring successful apprenticeship outcomes. Recommendations include reinforcing governmental policy support through targeted incentives, enhancing the influence of industry associations, advancing the development of enterprise mentors via specialised training programmes, and refining communication and coordination mechanisms. These measures are intended to strengthen the apprenticeship system, thereby elevating the quality of higher vocational education and aligning it more effectively with the economic requirements of local industries. © (2025), (Herald Academic Ltd and Organizational Ergonomics). All rights reserved.
This study explores the determinants affecting the efficacy of modern apprenticeship programmes within small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) operating in the finance and commerce sectors of Zhejiang Province, China. Adopting a mixed-methods design, the research comprised a survey of 238 enterpri …

Competence Framework-Based Assessment to Foster Sustainability Management

Article Open Access
Urgent actions are needed both individually and collectively to reach the targets set by the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals by 2030. The complex issues of sustainability and climate change set the need for new skills and competences. education systems worldwide need to integrate competence development into their agenda to achieve a sustainable transition. higher education institutions have a crucial role in decreasing the gap between the graduated students' competences and the requirements of the labour market. In the pursuit of a workforce prepared for the complexities of the 21st-century workplace, this paper explores the interplay between European competence frameworks and transversal skills. Using a comparative analysis of four frameworks—DigComp, EntreComp, LifeComp, and GreenComp—we identify distinct features and cross-reference competences with transversal skills. As a result, media and information literacy emerges as a crucial transversal skill across all frameworks. This study offers valuable insights for strategic decision-making in talent development and organizational planning, aligning education with the dynamic demands of today’s society. The findings underscore the key role of transversal skills in preparing individuals for the 21st century labour market. © 2025 Budapest University of Technology and Economics. All rights reserved.
Urgent actions are needed both individually and collectively to reach the targets set by the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals by 2030. The complex issues of sustainability and climate change set the need for new skills and competences. education syst …

Effectiveness of Project-Based Cooperative Learning Model in Electrical Installation Practical Courses; Eficacia del modelo de aprendizaje cooperativo basado en proyectos en los cursos prácticos de instalaciones eléctricas

Article Open Access
This study evaluates the effectiveness of the Project-Based Cooperative Learning (PBCL) model in enhancing student learning outcomes in practical Electrical Installation courses, focusing on its impact on technical competence, problem-solving ability, teamwork, and engagement in vocational education. Conducted during the 2024/2025 academic year at Sekolah Tinggi Teknologi Pekanbaru, Indonesia, the research employed a quasi-experimental nonequivalent control group design involving 47 Electrical Engineering students—25 in the experimental group receiving PBCL treatment and 22 in the control group following traditional instruction. The intervention lasted seven sessions, with data collected through pre-and post-tests, surveys, and interviews. Quantitative analysis revealed statistically significant improvements in the experimental group’s post-test scores, while qualitative data indicated higher levels of engagement, motivation, and perceived skill development among PBCL participants. Data normality and homogeneity tests confirmed the validity of parametric analysis, and independent sample t-tests supported the statistical significance of the findings. The study concludes that PBCL is a pedagogically effective approach for improving learning outcomes in vocational education, particularly in technical fields requiring both practical and soft skills. The results advocate for broader implementation of PBCL in technical curricula and highlight the potential for future integration of technology-enhanced strategies to further support student learning. © 2025; Los autores.
This study evaluates the effectiveness of the Project-Based Cooperative Learning (PBCL) model in enhancing student learning outcomes in practical Electrical Installation courses, focusing on its impact on technical competence, problem-solving ability, teamwork, and engagement in vocational

Acquisition of transversal competencies through a project-based learning model for computer systems engineering students

Article Open Access
Introduction: This article presents an innovative educational practice to promote transversal competences in computer engineering university students, through Project Based Learning (PjBL), providing students with the benefit of experiential learning. Challenges of a social nature were chosen, which are related to demographic aging. Once the course information has been collected, the challenge was to identify whether the students have really acquired the cross-cutting competencies that they should have developed on the course. Methods: After applying the model and pedagogical design of the Project-Based Learning (PjBL) methodology, and given the characteristics of the information sources used, a research design was carried out from a qualitative approach through the grounded theory method whose purpose is to induce substantive theory, related to learning, application, and emergence of transversal skills and the pedagogical strategy of the course. Results: The cross-cutting competencies identified were collaboration for efficient teamwork, communication among team members, and support and communication with the teacher and were noted to be of great importance for finishing with a high-quality final project. Discussion: Unlike other studies that are based on the evaluation of learning through grades, self-reported questionnaires, rubrics, tests, interviews, observation, self-reflection journals, etc., this research was conducted from a qualitative approach through the grounded theory method. According to the results obtained, it has been possible to identify the most relevant language elements for the studies and thus infer the acquisition of transversal competencies in university students of computer engineering, developed through the PjBL technique, providing students with the benefit of experiential learning. © © 2025 Noguez, Ortega Gutiérrez, Neri and Rubio.
Introduction: This article presents an innovative educational practice to promote transversal competences in computer engineering university students, through Project Based Learning (PjBL), providing students with the benefit of experiential learning. Challenges of a social nature were chosen, which …

Predicting Student Graduation Outcomes: An Evaluation of Project-Based Learning and Implementation of Naïve Bayes

Article Open Access
This study explores the application of the Naïve Bayes algorithm within the framework of Project-Based Learning (PjBL) to predict student graduation timing and likelihood. The evaluation of student competencies across several performance dimensions, such as problem analysis, project planning, data preparation, feature extraction, and algorithm implementation, demonstrates the effectiveness of the approach. Predictive analysis and result interpretation were successful, indicating a strong correlation between project-based learning outcomes and graduation success. Additionally, the research uncovers insights into the role of creativity and innovation in predicting student graduation. This study highlights the potential benefits of integrating PjBL into educational curricula and underscores the utility of the Naïve Bayes method in forecasting graduation outcomes in higher education. © 2025 Khairi Budayawan et al.; published by UIKTEN. This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 4.0 License. The article is published with Open Access at https://www.temjournal.com/
This study explores the application of the Naïve Bayes algorithm within the framework of Project-Based Learning (PjBL) to predict student graduation timing and likelihood. The evaluation of student competencies across several performance dimensions, such as problem analysis, project planning, data p …

Evaluating Holland’s Career Theory to Enhance Career Decision-Making in Beauty Vocational education Students; Evaluación de la teoría de Holland sobre la carrera profesional para mejorar la toma de decisiones profesionales en estudiantes de formación profesional de belleza

Article Open Access
The beauty industry’s diversity presents both opportunities and challenges for vocational students in making informed career choices. This study evaluates the effectiveness of Holland’s Career Theory in improving career decision-making among Beauty Studies students at SMK Negeri 3 Payakumbuh. Utilizing a quantitative, true-experimental posttest-only control design, 67 students were randomly assigned to experimental and control groups. The experimental group received personalized career counseling using the RIASEC model, while the control group followed standard guidance. A career decision-making questionnaire, validated for the Indonesian vocational context through expert review, pilot testing, and reliability analysis (Cronbach’s α = 0,82), was used to measure post-intervention outcomes. Findings show that the experimental group scored significantly higher on the post-test (M = 89,45) compared to the control group (M = 77,82), with a high effect size (d = 0,77), confirming the intervention’s practical significance. These results underscore the value of aligning personality traits with career environments to facilitate more confident and informed career decisions. The study recommends adapting Holland’s theory across other vocational fields to test its versatility and suggests longitudinal research to evaluate the sustained effects on career satisfaction. Furthermore, by addressing societal stereotypes and offering a structured, theory-driven approach to career counseling, this research contributes to elevating vocational education as a pathway to meaningful and fulfilling careers, particularly in fields traditionally undervalued. Integrating Holland’s model into career counseling curricula can support students’ long-term career development and improve their transition into the workforce. © 2025; Los autores.
The beauty industry’s diversity presents both opportunities and challenges for vocational students in making informed career choices. This study evaluates the effectiveness of Holland’s Career Theory in improving career decision-making among Beauty Studies students at SMK Negeri 3 Payakumbuh. Utiliz …

Teachers’ Perspectives on Cultivating Students’ Problem-Solving Skills in higher Vocational Colleges: A Qualitative Analysis Based on The 3P Model

Article Open Access
Problem-solving skills are critical for students in higher vocational colleges as they prepare for future careers and life challenges. However, cultivating problem-solving skills presents significant challenges. This study investigates the development of students’ problem-solving skills from the perspective of teachers in higher vocational colleges. Fifteen teachers participated in semi-structured interviews, and the data were analyzed using thematic analysis based on the 3P model (Presage-Process-Product). Within this framework, the cultivation of problem-solving skills is conceptualized as a dynamic system comprising three interconnected stages. In the Presage stage, cognitive factors affect the effectiveness of skills development, while non-cognitive factors influence the developmental process. Teachers’ understanding and valuation of problem-solving skills are pivotal for their effective implementation. Moreover, environmental conditions also play a crucial role. In the Process stage, instructional design is guided by instructional objectives, and context-specific teaching methods combined with practical courses have been shown to enhance problem-solving skills more effectively. In the Product stage, teachers rated students’ problem-solving skills as ranging from moderate to below moderate, which they attributed to factors such as low student motivation, limited teacher proficiency, time constraints, and insufficient resources. These insights identify key areas for targeted improvements in the cultivation of problem-solving skills in higher vocational colleges. © 2025, University of Southern MIssissippi. All rights reserved.
Problem-solving skills are critical for students in higher vocational colleges as they prepare for future careers and life challenges. However, cultivating problem-solving skills presents significant challenges. This study investigates the development of student …