Search Results for
"Humans"

Background: While adolescents are an at-risk group that is in a process of developmental crisis and requires guidance for adjustment. They may be traumatized by challenging conditions due to the negative experiences they are socially exposed to. Having to work is one of the most important social problems that increases the risk situation of this group. Roy's Adaptation Model is also quite suitable for use in interventions and research addressing developmental groups. It is believed that the adaptation of the individual to a new situation in their life contributes to their capacity to improve their health and increase their quality of life. Objective: This study was conducted to determine the effects of a Health Education Program based on Roy's Adaptation Model on the healthy lifestyle behaviors and self-esteem levels of working adolescents. Design: This study was designed as a randomized controlled trial. Method: The study was conducted at a vocational training center in Turkey between March 14 and June 13, 2022. The sample consisted of 66 adolescents aged 14–18 years (intervention: 30; control: 36) trained at the Vocational Apprenticeship and Training Center. The adolescents in the intervention group participated in an 8-session program for 4 weeks. Data were collected using a Personal Information Form, the Healthy Lifestyle Behaviors Scale II, and the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSE). Data collection took place before the program started, immediately after its completion, and 3 months later. This document was prepared in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Analyses of Randomized Controlled Trials (CONSORT) guidelines. Results: A significant difference was found between the intervention and control groups in favor of the intervention group in terms of their Healthy Lifestyle Behaviors Scale II scores in the 2nd measurement and their RSE score in the 3rd measurement. Conclusion: The Health Education Program based on Roy's Adaptation Model is effective in increasing the healthy lifestyle behaviors and self-esteem of working adolescents. Patient or Public Contribution: No patient or public contribution. Impact: Roy's Adaptation Model can provide a conceptual framework for holistic studies to promote health for developmental groups. © 2025 The Author(s). Public Health Nursing published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.

Objective: We evaluated the willingness and influencing factors of Chinese medical students to donate an organ. Methods: A total of 17 articles on the willingness of Chinese medical students to donate organs and related influencing factors were collected from domestic and foreign databases. The retrieval period was from the inception of the database to August 31, 2023. RevMan5.3 software was used to conduct a meta-analysis of the binary data in the included literature, and meta-integration was performed on the influencing factors of organ donation. Results: In this study, we found that 52% of medical students in China (95% confidence interval, 39%–66%) were willing to donate organs. A subgroup analysis showed that clinical medical students (69%) had greater willingness to donate than nursing students (27%), and medical students in the western region (58%) had a greater willingness to donate than those in the eastern region (51%). Studies with a small sample size (54%) found a greater willingness to donate than studies with a large sample size (49%), and the difference was statistically significant (P < .001). Fifty influencing factors were summarized in the included study, categorizing them into 10 categories, and further integrating them into 3 factors, namely personal factors, family factors, and social factors. Conclusions: The willingness to organs donation among medical students in China remains at a moderate level, and the demonstration effect has not been reflected fully. © 2025 Elsevier Inc.

Aim(s): To explore barriers, facilitators, and practical implications of educating a nurse practitioner in hospital at home setting from the perspective of the nurse practitioner in training, healthcare professionals, educators, and managers. Background: Hospital at home care is considered promising to deal with current healthcare challenges. Nurse practitioners can have a pivotal role in delivering hospital at home care. Currently there is limited knowledge on education of nurse practitioners in this setting. Design: A generic qualitative study. Methods: Semi-structured interviews were conducted with the nurse practitioner in training, educators, healthcare professionals, and managers working at the hospital or community care organization. The interviews focused on experiences, barriers, and facilitators related to learning and working in the hospital at home setting. Data were coded and thematised. Results: The following six themes emerged: 1) Provide care aligned with the patient's journey; 2) Articulating a clear vision on training in the hospital at home setting; 3) Integrated learning and working requires a wide range of competencies; 4) Integrated learning requires a coherent and motivated team; 5) Practical obstacles require a pragmatic approach; and 6) Clarity on the positioning of nurse practitioners is essential. Conclusions: The findings show that an educational trajectory for a nurse practitioner in a hospital at home setting can be successfully established. Various factors were identified that need to be considered in the development and executing of such learning trajectory. Organizations are recommended to take shared responsibility for these learning trajectories. Reporting method: EQUATOR guidelines. Patient or public contribution: No Patient or Public Contribution © 2025

Background: Transformative changes in nursing education are compelling nursing programs to transition to a backward design-driven competency- and clinical judgment-based curriculum design. Little guidance exists on backward design application in nursing. Purpose: This rapid review aims to identify what is known about the use, implementation, and outcomes of backward design (BWD) in healthcare professional education programs. Methods: A rapid review of the literature was conducted using the Interim Guidance for Rapid Reviews Methods in concert with the PRISMA-P protocol, the PRISMA 2020 explanation and elaboration, and the PRISMA 2020 reporting guidelines. Results: There was no empirical evidence of the efficacy of BWD in achieving competency-based outcomes. Results focused on strengths and benefits for students and faculty and provided implementation tips. BWD better assured the alignment of course learning outcomes, assessments, and learning activities. There was more student engagement and mastery of skills, and greater faculty effectiveness in the learner-centered BWD approach. Conclusions: Our findings show the utility of BWD in healthcare education and provide models for application of BWD as an effective curricular framework in nursing. Our review shows the importance of the adoption of a standardized curricular framework in nursing education. © 2025 Elsevier Inc.

Introduction: The digital age has transformed health professions education, making online learning (e-learning) essential for instruction, assessment, and evaluation. However, general surgery residents are dissatisfied with current study methods and routines. As they progress through the new Entrustable Professional Activities (EPA) milestones, adapting content delivery to their learning preferences is crucial for engagement, a key element in the Kirkpatrick training evaluation model. This study explores general surgery residents' experiences, attitudes, and preferences toward e-learning to enhance instruction in the EPA era of surgical education. Methods: We used a convergent parallel design, distributing a national survey and conducting semi-structured interviews with general surgery residents from 22 U.S. institutions. The survey examined e-learning resource utilization, satisfaction, and financial investment in medical school and residency. Interviews provided insights into residents' desired features of effective e-learning. Data analysis included comparative statistics for survey results and reflexive thematic analysis for interviews. Results: The survey was completed by 106 general surgery residents. Residents reported higher satisfaction with e-learning resources utilized in medical school (e.g., UWorld, Sketchy Medical) than those in residency (e.g., TrueLearn, SCORE Web Portal) (mean difference = 0.4, 95% CI = [0.3,0.5], p < 0.001). Learners’ financial investment in USMLE preparation was significantly higher than for ABSITE (74% vs. 21% willing to spend >$500; p < 0.001). Separately, 30 general surgery residents participated in semi-structured interviews, which highlighted preferences for mobile learning, multimedia, gamification, and competency-based assessments. Residents noted a gap between current e-learning resources and the EPA assessment paradigm. Conclusions: General surgery residents find current e-learning resources in residency lacking clinical relevance and alignment with competency-based assessments. In the EPA era of surgical education, there is a need to develop innovative e-learning platforms that prepare residents for standardized examinations and support clinical competency development. Addressing these gaps will enhance the quality and efficiency of surgical training to better prepare residents for independent practice. © 2025 Association of Program Directors in Surgery

One Health is an emerging area of integrative studies and interventions aimed at preventing zoonotic diseases by addressing human, animal, and environmental interactions. A fundamental aspect of the concept is understanding how these interactions influence health outcomes among humans, animals, and ecosystems. Developed initially to respond to the need for more human and veterinary medicine collaboration, One Health must include social and environmental dimensions and biomedicine to establish a biomedical-integrative system. A comprehensive approach must also be applied to the research's social, biological, historical, and local aspects. With One Health, health-related disciplines can be reconciled, and its transdisciplinary imperative will provide solutions to the limitations of current biomedical and public health principles. This article aims to discuss and define zoonoses in different sectors. Accordingly, it calls for developing an international priority-setting framework to monitor, report, and assess zoonoses following their relative health conditions in epidemic, endemic, and pandemic settings. Current models of global health governance in pandemic prevention still face challenges, such as policy incoherence, response delays, and inequity in resource access. International coordination, investment in surveillance systems, and promotion of information transparency are key strategies for improving health crisis management. Accordingly, it is suggested that member states of international organizations participate more actively in establishing cooperation frameworks and develop more effective implementation mechanisms for managing emerging health threats. To safeguard global health security, policymakers, researchers, and public health officials will find insights, recommendations, and actionable strategies in this article. © 2025 The Author(s). Public Health Challenges published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Rationale: General practice is central to older patient care provision. For GP registrars (specialist GPs in training), exposure to older patients is also vital for developing chronic disease and multimorbidity management skills. However, registrars see fewer older patients, and are less engaged with older patient care, than established GPs. Aims and Objectives: This study aimed to assess inter-practice variability in the proportion of older patients seen by Australian GP registrars during training. Method: Cross-sectional analysis from the ReCEnT study of GP registrars' clinical experiences (2010–2023). The outcome was consultation with older (65+ years) patients. Inter-practice variability was assessed with Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) and Median Odds Ratio (MOR). Outcome variance attributable to practice was estimated within the Bayesian modelling framework using a mixed-effects logistic regression with cross-classified random effects for registrar and practice. Results: The analysis included 4643 registrars across 978 practices. 19% (129,659/688,281) of consultations were with older patients. The ICC was 0.15 (95% Credible Interval (CrI) [0.14, 0.17]) in a model with a random effect for practice; and, in a model adjusted for time/registrar/patient/practice variables, 0.10 (CrI [0.09, 0.11]). These values (comparable with, or higher than, reported for other general practice variables), indicate registrars' older patient clinical exposure is dependent upon the practice(s) trained in. The MOR was 2.08 (CrI [(2.00, 2.16]); and, adjusted, 1.81 (CrI [1.76, 1.87). By randomly changing practice location, the odds of a registrar's consultation being with an older patient thus approximately doubles (or, alternatively, halves) on average. Conclusion: The practice itself is the greatest determinant in registrars' exposure to older patients. Practice-level interventions are essential to improve registrars' in-training older patient care experience. © 2025 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Purpose: This systematic review investigates the effectiveness of workplace interventions to support young workers’ work environment, safety and health. Methods: A systematic search was conducted in bibliographic databases including PubMed, Web of Science Core Collection and PsycInfo for English or Scandinavian articles published from 2007 to 2022. The PICO strategy guided the assessment of study relevance and the bibliographical search for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and non-RCTs in which (1) participants were young workers (mean age: 15–29), (2) interventions were initiated and/or carried out at the workplace, (3) a comparison group was included, and (4) an outcome measure related to work environment, safety and health was reported. We categorized each included study using the intervention classification framework. The quality assessment and evidence synthesis adhered to the guidelines developed by the Institute for Work & Health (Toronto, Canada). Results: A total of 33 high and medium quality studies showed a moderate level of evidence for no benefit of ‘Mental training’ on stress. We found limited evidence of a positive effect of the following intervention types: ‘Attitude and belief’ on mental health problems, ‘Behavior based’ on anxiety, and ‘Multifaceted’ on hand eczema. We found limited evidence for no benefit of the following intervention types: ‘Mental training’ on mental health problems, and ‘Physiological modifications’ on musculoskeletal disorders. The remaining intervention types showed mixed or insufficient evidence. Conclusions: Except for a moderate level of evidence for no benefit of ‘Mental training’ on stress, the evidence synthesis recommends, that there is not enough evidence from the scientific literature to guide current practices. The results emphasizes a strong need for high quality interventions specifically aiming at increasing or maintaining young workers’ work environment, safety and health. Included studies focused mainly on individual measures, highlighting the need for studies investigating possible preventive measures at the group or organizational level. © The Author(s) 2024.

To support a complex health system, students are expected to be competent leaders as well as competent clinicians. Intentional student leadership development is needed in health professional education programs. Student-led experiences such as student-run clinics and interprofessional training wards, are practice-based learning opportunities where learners provide leadership to clinical services and/or address a gap in the system. Given the absence of leadership definitions and concepts, this scoping review explored how student leadership is conceptualized and developed in student-led experiences. The review was conducted in accordance with best practices in scoping review methodology within the scope of relevant practice-based student-led experiences for health professional students. The research team screened 4659 abstracts, identified 315 articles for full-text review and selected 75 articles for data extraction and analysis. A thematic analysis produced themes related to leadership concepts/theories/models, objectives, facilitation/supervision, assessment and evaluation of curriculum. While responding to system gaps within health professional care, student-led experiences need to align explicit leadership theory/concepts/models with curricular objectives, pedagogy, and assessments to support health professional education. To support future student-led experiences, authors mapped five leadership student role profiles that were associated with student-led models and could be constructively aligned with theory and concepts. In addition to leveraging a student workforce to address system needs, student-led experiences must also be a force for learning through a reciprocal model of leadership and service to develop future health professionals and leaders. © The Author(s) 2024.

Background: Nursing interns often experience transition shock during clinical adaptation, which reduces their work efficiency, damages health, and hinders the transition to professional nurse role. However, most studies have overlooked the individual characteristics of nursing interns, the differences in the level of transition shock and factors causing these differences. Purpose: To identify the latent profiles of nursing interns' transition shock and to analyze their influencing factors. Methods: A convenience sample of 330 nursing interns from a Chinese Medical University in Zhejiang province, China, was surveyed between June and July 2024. Data were collected using a sociodemographic questionnaire, the Transition Shock Scale, and the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale. Latent profile analysis (LPA) was conducted to identify the subtypes of transition shock, and multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze their influencing factors. Results: Transition shock among nursing interns was categorized into three latent profiles: high shock group, moderate shock group, and low shock group. The results showed that psychological resilience, nursing professional attitudes, and workplace violence experiences significantly influenced these transition shock profiles. Conclusion: Based on the identified transition shock profiles, this study suggests formulating personalized intervention strategies for nursing interns to address clinical transition challenges, thereby enhancing the quality of their internship experiences. © 2025 Elsevier Inc.