Objective The application of case-based learning (CBL) pedagogy has been emerging as an improved and more practical learning method across the Chinese dental education system. This article provides a critical overview of CBL pedagogy and further assesses the effectiveness of this teaching model in Chinese dental education. Design A systematic review and meta-analysis. Methods Studies published up to December 2019 were searched in the following electronic databases: China National Knowledge Infrastructure, China Science Periodical Database, Chinese Biomedical documental database, Wanfang data, PubMed, EMBASE and Cochrane Central Register of Control Trials. All randomised controlled trials (RCTs) that compared the effectiveness of the CBL teaching model and the traditional lecture-based learning (LBL) model in all dental disciplines were included. The assessment of methodological quality was based on the guidelines described in the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews, and the meta-analysis was performed using the software RevMan V.5.3 Results A total of 30 RCTs were finally included, with a total sample size of 2356 dental students. The CBL pedagogy significantly increased knowledge scores (standardised mean difference (SMD)=1.58, 95% CI: 0.95 to 2.20, p<0.0001), skill scores (SMD=1.22, 95% CI: 0.34 to 2.11, p<0.0001), comprehensive ability scores (SMD=1.91, 95% CI: 1.74 to 4.07, p<0.0001) and teaching satisfaction (risk ratio=1.38; 95% CI: 1.15 to 1.65; p=0.01) compared with the LBL teaching model among the dental students. Additionally, a subgroup analysis showed significant differences in the effects of CBL on knowledge scores, skill scores and comprehensive ability scores when comparing theoretical and practical courses. Conclusions The meta-analysis and systematic review of the eligible literature showed that the CBL pedagogy in Chinese dental education is an effective way to increase knowledge scores, skill scores, comprehensive ability scores and teaching satisfaction. Successful adaptation of this teaching model could solve the scarcity of highly skilled and professional dentists in dental schools and hospitals across China. ©
Objective The application of case-based learning (CBL) pedagogy has been emerging as an improved and more practical learning method across the Chinese dental education system. This article provides a critical overview of CBL pedagogy and further assesses the effectiveness of this teaching model in C
…
Keywords:
Skill
learning
China
human
medical education
procedures
humans Systematic Review
controlled study
practice guideline
review
human experiment
Problem based learning
knowledge
satisfaction
meta analysis
randomized controlled trial (topic)
Problem-Based Learning
dental student
Cochrane Library
Embase
Medline
sample size
MEDICAL EDUCATION & TRAINING
software
pedagogics
comparative effectiveness
theoretical study
WanFang Database
maxillofacial surgery
dental education
Asian
dentist
Education, Dental
oral & maxillofacial surgery
oral medicine
stomatology
Asians
34 Citations
10.1136/bmjopen-2020-048497
Source:
Medical Journal of Australia
(2022)
[No abstract available]
[No abstract available]
Keywords:
training
human
humans apprenticeship
Article
Australia
general practice
general practitioner
General Practitioners
professional development
education
professional competence
Graduate
workforce
clinical supervision
General Practice
policy
funding
geographic distribution
medical fee
paramedical disciplines
3 Citations
10.5694/mja2.51411
Source:
Spinal Cord
(2022)
Study design: Mixed methods. Objectives: The aim of our study was to investigate the content validity of the Work Rehabilitation Questionnaire (WORQ) for use in persons with post-acute and chronic spinal cord injury (SCI). Setting: A university-based Rehabilitation Center in The Netherlands. Methods: Contents of the WORQ, brief ICF core sets for SCI for post-acute care and for chronic situation were compared with semi-guided interviews with persons with SCI and controlled for relevance by SCI rehabilitation professionals in two group meetings. Results: Fourteen interviews with persons with SCI were performed. Two group meetings with 8 and 9 SCI rehabilitation professionals were held. Thirty seven of the 46 ICF categories (80%) of the WORQ were confirmed by both sources: mentioned in interviews with persons with SCI and considered important by the SCI professionals. The remaining 9 categories (20%) were confirmed by either the persons with SCI or the SCI professionals. Fourteen ICF categories that are part of the brief ICF core set for SCI for acute care and/or chronic situation, however are not part of the WORQ, have revealed importance by persons with SCI and SCI professionals. Conclusion: Our study confirms that most categories of the WORQ are important to consider for VR in persons with SCI, however, there are ICF categories that are absent in the WORQ and deemed relevant for use in VR in persons with SCI. Consequently, the content validity of the WORQ without additional items is insufficient for persons with SCI. © 2021, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to International Spinal Cord Society.
Study design: Mixed methods. Objectives: The aim of our study was to investigate the content validity of the Work Rehabilitation Questionnaire (WORQ) for use in persons with post-acute and chronic spinal cord injury (SCI). Setting: A university-based Rehabilitation Center in The Netherlands. Methods
…
Keywords:
Employment
Skill
adult
female
human
male
questionnaire
humans Surveys and Questionnaires
apprenticeship
Article
care behavior
interpersonal communication
Vocational education
controlled study
Study design
health practitioner
health service
disability
disabled person
middle aged
self report
physiological stress
intelligence
clinical article
emotion
semi structured interview
cognition
memory
thinking
Energy
anxiety
vocational rehabilitation
nurse
personality
tertiary education
depression
physiotherapist
emergency care
Netherlands
rehabilitation care
psychologist
social worker
content validity
occupational therapist
labor
temperament
vocational guidance
attention
conversation
Disabled Persons
Rehabilitation, Vocational
International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health
sleep
reading
drive
acute disease
arm
biomechanics
body position
chronic disease
defecation
drinking
eating
exercise tolerance
hand
hearing
irritability
joint function
micturition
muscle function
muscle strength
muscle tone
rehabilitation center
respiratory function
respiratory system
sadness
sensation
sexual function
skin
social security
spinal cord
spinal cord injury
subacute care
toileting
traffic and transport
urinary tract
vestibular function
walking
Work Rehabilitation Questionnaire
Disability Evaluation
Spinal Cord Injuries
4 Citations
10.1038/s41393-021-00738-x
Source:
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
(2022)
When students drop out of high school, this is often negative for their development as well as for society, as those who drop out have an increased risk of unemployment, health problems, and social problems. The aim of the present study was to synthesize knowledge regarding processes related to school dropout in general and school re-enrollment in particular. We performed a narrative review of the literature, focusing on Norwegian and Nordic studies, but we also included studies from other countries when relevant. We discussed the findings in relation to attachment theory and our own research on the topic. As a result, we identified five main challenges to upholding education-related goals in long-term dropout processes: lack of relatedness, overchallenged self-regulation capacity, compensating for a history of failure, wounded learner identities, and coping with prolonged stress. In conclusion, the identified challenges converged on the importance of belonging and social support. The prerequisite for addressing the challenges seemed to be the establishment of a trustful relationship between the students who have dropped out and at least one teacher, and preferably also with other supportive adults. These relationships may provide sufficient social support and aid the students’ motivation to complete school. © 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
When students drop out of high school, this is often negative for their development as well as for society, as those who drop out have an increased risk of unemployment, health problems, and social problems. The aim of the present study was to synthesize knowledge regarding processes related to scho
…
Keywords:
adult
female
human
male
humans adolescent
Students
educational development
student
academic performance
motivation
education
review
human experiment
literature review
school
Schools
teacher
social support
Social support
school dropout
physiological stress
high school
educational attainment
social behavior
narrative
School dropout
Attachment theory
Narrative review
School re-enrollment
autoregulation
Student Dropouts
7 Citations
10.3390/ijerph19073938
Source:
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
(2022)
The present study analyzed academic motivation and its relationship with dispositions towards critical thinking in a sample of 131 students of Spanish nationality and 131 students of foreign nationality (unaccompanied foreign minors and foreign adolescents who had previously experienced the Andalusian care system). For this, an ex-post-facto study was conducted which was descriptive, comparative, and cross-sectional in nature. The main analyses carried out are of a descriptive and inferential nature, the latter to analyze the differences and associations between the variables of critical thinking and motivation (ANOVA test and an structural equations models) in both groups. Main outcomes included the lack of significant differences in dispositions towards critical thinking between Spanish and foreign students, alongside the existence of significant differences in academic motivation between both of these groups. In addition to this, significant differences were found within the group of Spanish nationality students in the dimensions of critical thinking as a function of intrinsic motivation, whilst such differences emerged in the foreign nationality group as a function of intrinsic and extrinsic motivation and amotivation. Finally, within the group of Spanish students, a significant and positive relationship was found between motivation and critical thinking, being positive and non-significant in the foreign national group. In conclusion, it is necessary to improve dispositions towards critical thinking and educational motivation from the educational system for the inclusion of minors and youths in today’s society. © 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
The present study analyzed academic motivation and its relationship with dispositions towards critical thinking in a sample of 131 students of Spanish nationality and 131 students of foreign nationality (unaccompanied foreign minors and foreign adolescents who had previously experienced the Andalusi
…
Keywords:
Vocational training
training
cross-sectional study
female
human
male
nursing student
procedures
Cross-Sectional Studies
humans Students, Nursing
adolescent
Article
juvenile
Vocational education
student
intrinsic motivation
motivation
controlled study
nursing education
comparative study
major clinical study
analysis of variance
Education, Nursing, Baccalaureate
thinking
Critical thinking
young population
Spain
ethnicity
extrinsic motivation
Spaniard
baccalaureate
motivation and critical thinking
unaccompanied foreign minors
young care leavers
foreign student
foreigner
minor (person)
Minors
3 Citations
10.3390/ijerph19095272
Source:
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
(2022)
Complex factors influence physicians’ decisions to remain in rural and remote (RR) practice. Indonesia, particularly, has various degrees of poor governance contributing to physicians’ decisions to stay or leave RR practice. However, there is a paucity of literature exploring the phenomenon from the perspective of Indonesian RR physicians. This study explores physicians’ lived experiences working and living in Indonesian RR areas and the motivations that underpin their decisions to remain in the RR settings. An interpretative phenomenological analysis was utilised to explore the experiences of 26 consenting voluntary participants currently working in the RR areas of Maluku Province. A focus group discussion was undertaken with post-interns (n = 7), and semi-structured interviews were undertaken with junior (n = 9) and senior physicians (n = 10) working in district hospitals and RR health centres. Corruption was identified as an overarching theme that was referred to in all of the derived themes. Corruption adversely affected physicians’ lives, work and careers and influenced their motivation to remain working in Indonesia’s RR districts. Addressing the RR workforce shortage requires political action to reduce corruptive practice in the districts’ governance. Establishing a partnership with regional medical schools could assist in implementing evidence-based strategies to improve workforce recruitment, development, and retention of the RR medical workforce. © 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
Complex factors influence physicians’ decisions to remain in rural and remote (RR) practice. Indonesia, particularly, has various degrees of poor governance contributing to physicians’ decisions to stay or leave RR practice. However, there is a paucity of literature exploring the phenomenon from the
…
Keywords:
adult
female
human
male
humans Article
ethics
motivation
Personnel selection
Indonesia
physician
rural area
career
human experiment
medical school
Physicians
satisfaction
clinical article
semi structured interview
working conditions
workforce
governance approach
personal experience
personnel management
labor supply
recruitment (employment)
phenomenology
personnel shortage
rural health care
Rural Health Services
corruption
recruitment and retention
health worker
public hospital
Medical Workforce Shortage
Rural and Remote
phenomenology
unethical governance
work motivation and satisfaction
health center
Maluku [Indonesia]
8 Citations
10.3390/ijerph19095518
Research consistently shows that students from academic households are more likely to enter higher education than students from non-academic households. These inequalities are only secondarily due to differences in performance (i.e., primary effects), but mostly due to students’ decision making behavior (i.e., secondary effects). The relative share to which primary effects and secondary effects mediate the effect of students’ educational background on their intention to enter higher education is affected by external conditions. One significant external influence that may have had an impact on social disparities in students’ educational choices is the COVID-19 pandemic. Herein, we present data from N = 596 upper secondary students (41.6% from non-academic households) that were collected in Germany in April 2021. Building on rational choice theory, we scrutinized students’ expected benefits (i.e., employment prospects and personal significance), costs (i.e., direct costs and opportunity costs), and subjective probability of success in pursuing higher education as important psychological pillars for their intention to enter higher education. Results show that about 14% of social differences in students’ intention to enter higher education were due to primary effects, whereas almost 77% were explained by secondary effects. Specifically, we found that differences in the evaluation of benefits most strongly contributed to social inequalities in students’ intention to enroll in higher education. Compared to research on pre- COVID-19 cohorts, our results point to shifts in existing patterns of inequalities in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic. © 2022 Stark et al.
Research consistently shows that students from academic households are more likely to enter higher education than students from non-academic households. These inequalities are only secondarily due to differences in performance (i.e., primary effects), but mostly due to students’ decision making beha
…
Keywords:
female
human
male
psychology
questionnaire
humans Surveys and Questionnaires
Decision making
adolescent
Article
Students
student
coronavirus disease 2019
epidemiology
COVID-19
SARS-CoV-2
Germany
behavior
Intention
pandemic
Pandemics
cohort analysis
tertiary education
social inequality
cost
Theory
prediction
7 Citations
10.1371/journal.pone.0267978
Source:
Journal of Cardiopulmonary Rehabilitation and Prevention
(2022)
Purpose: Physical activity (PA) predicts important health outcomes in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). In the general population, environmental factors have the potential to influence PA; however, data are limited in this clinical population. Therefore, we sought to investigate associations between the environment and PA, sedentary behavior, and self-rated health in COPD. Methods: Sociodemographic, PA, sedentary behavior, and self-rated health data were collected from a prospective cohort of 418 individuals with COPD (65% female; 58 ± 8 yr), while environmental data were drawn from a national environmental data repository and individually matched to participant postal code. Environmental variables included social and material deprivation, urban form index, surrounding greenness, and air quality (concentrations of air pollution for fine particles, nitrogen dioxide, ozone, and sulphur dioxide). Logistic and multivariate linear regression models were used to investigate the strongest environmental predictors. Results: The models showed a statistically significant negative correlation between PA level and ozone pollution (P =.023; adjusted OR = 0.85: 95% CI, 0.74-0.98). Urban form index was also significantly associated with sedentary behavior (β = 0.113; t value = 1.71; P =.011). Self-rated health was significantly positively correlated with PA level (P =.006; adjusted OR = 2.22: 95% CI, 1.25-3.94), and significantly inversely correlated with sedentary behavior (β = -0.159; t value =-2.42; P =.016). Conclusion: These new data may identify barriers to PA and assist clinicians in the prescription of exercise for individuals living with COPD. © 2022 Lippincott Williams and Wilkins. All rights reserved.
Purpose: Physical activity (PA) predicts important health outcomes in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). In the general population, environmental factors have the potential to influence PA; however, data are limited in this clinical population. Therefore, we sought to investigate associat
…
Keywords:
adult
cross-sectional study
female
human
male
humans apprenticeship
Article
environmental exposure
Vocational education
controlled study
practice guideline
middle aged
major clinical study
exercise
physical activity
sociodemographics
Physical activity
Community college
cohort analysis
social status
prospective study
Prospective Studies
hypertension
body mass
Self-rated health
atmospheric and physical environment
COPD
sedentary behavior
nitrogen dioxide
ozone
sulfur dioxide
air pollution
air quality
chronic obstructive lung disease
diabetes mellitus
international physical activity questionnaire
major depression
osteoporosis
particulate matter
sedentary lifestyle
sedentary time
social isolation
Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive
Sedentary Behavior
7 Citations
10.1097/HCR.0000000000000628
This research examines how curriculum delivery predicts entrepreneurial skills, with knowledge of information and communication technology (ICT) as a mediator. Curriculum delivery with the multiple dimensions of objectives, contents, teaching strategies, and feedback and assessment was used in this study, and a quantitative research design was adopted. A questionnaire survey was used to collect data from 482 students at six universities in Lahore, Pakistan, and the partial-least-squares structural equation model in SmartPLS 3.2 was used for data analysis. The results show that all dimensions of curriculum delivery (i) do not influence entrepreneurial skills and (ii) positively influence the knowledge of ICT. Also, in the indirect relationships, all dimensions of curriculum delivery (i.e., objectives, contents, teaching strategies, and feedback and assessment) are associated positively with ICT knowledge. Therefore, ICT knowledge plays a mediating role between curriculum delivery and entrepreneurial skills. The results also show that curriculum delivery for educational entrepreneurs is not working effectively and efficiently in Pakistani universities, and it is concluded that curriculum delivery and ICT knowledge boost entrepreneurial skills. Finally, the conclusions, limitations, and practical implications of this study are presented in detail. ©: © 2022 Iqbal et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
This research examines how curriculum delivery predicts entrepreneurial skills, with knowledge of information and communication technology (ICT) as a mediator. Curriculum delivery with the multiple dimensions of objectives, contents, teaching strategies, and feedback and assessment was used in this
…
Keywords:
Teaching
Skill
human
questionnaire
humans Article
interpersonal communication
curriculum
structural equation modeling
university
Universities
Pakistan
human experiment
major clinical study
quantitative analysis
data analysis
technology
communication
partial least squares regression
communication technology
information technology
11 Citations
10.1371/journal.pone.0265880
Source:
Journal of Personality and Social Psychology
(2022)
Emerging adulthood describes the developmental life stage between adolescence and adulthood, when young people gain important educational and social–emotional skills. Here, we tested to what extent intelligence and personality traits in adolescence, family socioeconomic status (SES), and their interplay predict educational (e.g., educational attainment, degree classification) and social–emotional outcomes (e.g., well-being, volunteering, substance use) in emerging adulthood in a U.K.-representative sample (N = 2,277). Intelligence, personality traits, and family SES accounted together for up to 23.5% (M= 9.7%) of the variance in emerging adulthood outcomes. Personality traits, including the Big Five, grit, curiosity, and ambition, were the most consistent and strongest predictors across outcomes, although intelligence was a better predictor of educational attainment. Intelligence, but not personality, accounted for a significant proportion of the associations between family SES with educational attainment, degree classification, behavior problems, aggression, and volunteering (16.4%–29.1%). Finally, intelligence, ambition, conscientiousness, curiosity, and openness were all stronger predictors of educational attainment at low compared to high SES levels. These significant interactions suggest that these traits may help compensate for family background disadvantage, although the corresponding effect sizes were small (R2 0.4%–3%). Overall, our analyses suggested that there is moderate developmental continuity from adolescence to emerging adulthood. Our findings contribute to understanding the psychological characteristics and structural factors that help emerging adults to become resilient and productive members of society. © 2022 American Psychological Association
Emerging adulthood describes the developmental life stage between adolescence and adulthood, when young people gain important educational and social–emotional skills. Here, we tested to what extent intelligence and personality traits in adolescence, family socioeconomic status (SES), and their inter
…
Keywords:
adult
human
humans adolescent
educational status
intelligence
personality
Intelligence
social class
Personality
Educational attainment
emerging adulthood
Social–emotional adjustment
personality disorder
Personality Disorders
19 Citations
10.1037/pspp0000421
